Monday, May 08, 2017

C1 8-9/5/17




burst into tears (=suddenly start crying)
She burst into tears and begged me to stay.
break down in tears (=suddenly start crying)
I broke down in tears when I read the letter.
be moved to tears (=be so upset that you cry)
Members of the audience were moved to tears by her singing.
bring tears to somebody’s eyes (=make someone cry)
This unexpected kindness brings tears to my eyes.
I could see that Sam was close to tears.

Thorny question
high blood pressure

p.124
em‧pa‧thy /ˈempəθi/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]  the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems → sympathy
empathy with/for
She had great empathy with people.—empathetic /ˌempəˈθetɪk◂/ (also empathic /emˈpəθɪk/)adjective

Sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ ●●○ adjective 
1 caring and feeling sorry about someone’s problems
 a sympathetic friend
 a sympathetic attitude
sympathetic to/towards
 I’m sympathetic to parents who are worried about what their children see on television.

Reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/ ●○○ adjective formal 
A reciprocal arrangement or relationship is one in which two people or groups do or give the same things to each other → mutual
 He spoke of the necessity for a reciprocal relationship that would be useful for all sides.
 Such treaties provide reciprocal rights and obligations.

Intimidating /ɪnˈtɪmədeɪtɪŋ/ adjective 
Making you feel worried and not confident
 Some people find interview situations very intimidating.

Appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/ ●●○ AWL noun
1 [uncountable] pleasure you feel when you realize something is good, useful, or well done
appreciation of
It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature.
2 [uncountable] a feeling of being grateful for something someone has done
Show/express your appreciation
The chairman asked me to express our appreciation of all your hard work.
He was presented with a watch in appreciation of his long service.
3 [countable, uncountable] an understanding of the importance or meaning of somethingappreciation of a realistic appreciation of the situation

Meddle /ˈmedl/ verb [intransitive] 
1 to deliberately try to influence or change a situation that does not concern you, or that you do not understand SYN interfere
meddle in
 I don’t like other people meddling in the way I run this prison.
 He accused the US of meddling in China’s internal affairs.
meddle with
 I’m not the sort of newspaper owner who meddles with editorial policy.
2 British English to touch something which you should not touch, especially in a careless way that might break it
meddle with
 You have no right to come in here meddling with my things.
—meddler noun [countable]

ˌself-ˈcentred British English, self-centered American English adjective 
Paying so much attention to yourself that you do not notice what is happening to other people SYN  selfish

specialty /ˈspeʃəlti/ noun (plural specialties) [countable] American English 
1 a type of food that a person, restaurant, or area is well known for SYN  speciality British English
 Our specialty is clam chowder.
2 a subject or job that you know a lot about or have a lot of experience of SYN  speciality British English
 Johnson’s specialty is medieval European history.
3 a particular product or business that has one purpose or sells one type of thing
 an area with clothes retailers and specialty shops


Have you got time for a game of tennis?
Give in a sociology essay
Research on
Model society
Sleeping cars and restaurant carriages for trains
Fulfil needs
Being unmaterialistic
Communal living ideal
But as far as I can see it was basically...
Rigid class structure
tenement /ˈtenəmənt/ noun [countable]  a large building divided into apartments, especially in the poorer areas of a city
building/house/block
They weren’t allowed unions
I’d love a game of tennis sometime
I suppose

Sometime, some time /ˈsʌmtaɪm/ ●●● S2 adverb 
at a time in the future or in the past, although you do not know exactly when
Sometime around/in/during etc
We’ll take a vacation sometime in September.
Our house was built sometime around 1900.
It's a long story. I'll tell you about it sometime.

social housing noun uncountable viviendas feminine plural subvencionadas, viviendas feminine plural de protección oficial (en Esp).

condominium /ˌkɒndəˈmɪniəm $ ˌkɑːn-/ ●●○ noun [countable] especially American English 
1 one apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people living in it
2 a building containing several of these apartments → apartment block
brew /bruː/ ●○○ verb 
1 [transitive] to make beer
Every beer on the menu was brewed locally.
2 [intransitive] if a drink of tea or coffee is brewing, the taste is getting into the hot water
He read the paper while the tea brewed.
3 [transitive] to make a drink of tea or coffee freshly brewed coffee
Be careful!!!! Question tags and echo questions are different things (Check the docs at the Moodle Platform).

ECHO QUESTIONS (Short questions used in replies)
We often reply to statements by making short questions, containing just an
auxiliary verb and a personal pronoun.
- It was an awful party.
- Was it?
- Yes, there was nobody there I know, and …
These ‘reply questions’ do not ask for information. They express interest,
concern, surprise, anger, or other reactions, depending on the intonation.
Their most common use is just to show that we are listening.
- We had a lovely holiday.
- Did you?
- Yes, we went …
- I’ve got a headache.
- Have you, dear? I’ll get you an aspirin.
In reply questions, we use the same auxiliary verb that was used in the
sentence we are answering. If there was no auxiliary verb, we use ‘do’.
- He smokes too much.
- Does he?
- Yes, he tried to give it up but …
We use negative echo questions in reply to negative statements.
- It wasn´t a very good film.
- Wasn´t it? That’s a pity!
Check for the whole pdf at the moodle platform
stutter1 /ˈstʌtə $ -ər/ verb 
1 [intransitive, transitive] to speak with difficulty because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first consonant of some words → stammer
 ‘I’m D-d-david, ’ he stuttered.

carpenter's shop
p. 126
ˌHoly Comˈmunion noun [uncountable] 
The Christian ceremony in which people eat bread and drink wine as signs of Christ’s body and blood.
christening /ˈkrɪsənɪŋ/ noun [countable] 
a Christian religious ceremony at which a child is officially given a name and becomes a member of a Christian church → baptism

snorkel
ant hole/nest/colony
bait

/ˈsɪɡnəl/
Moan of the horns
An 11-hour ritual
As young as 12/ as from 12
Giant tropical bullet ants

ordeal /ɔːˈdiːl, ˈɔːdiːl $ ɔːrˈdiːl, ˈɔːrdiːl/ ●○○ noun [countable]  a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of timeordeal of She then had to go through the ordeal of giving evidence. She was forced to face the ordeal of withdrawal symptoms. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal.

As a general rule, adjectives are usually placed in this order:
opinion > size > quality > age > shape > colour > participle forms > origin > material type > purpose
The phrase a beautiful old Indian carpet follows these guidelines:

1
4
8


quality
age
origin
noun
a
beautiful
old
Indian
carpet
You don't have to include an example of every type of adjective, but the ones you do use should follow the order. So if you wanted to add red and green to the phrase a beautiful old Indian carpet, you would put it between old and Indian like this:

1
4
6
8


opinion
age
colour
origin
noun
a
beautiful
old
red and green
Indian
carpet
It sometimes helps to remember the order of adjective if you consider that adjectives whose meaning is closely, or permanently, connected to the noun are placed nearer to it in the sentence. So in this phrase: a large comfortable wooden chair – wooden has a very close connection with chair .

2
3
10


size
quality
material type
noun
a
large
comfortable
wooden
chair

Here are some more examples:

3
7


quality
participle
noun
a
new
improved
recipe


1
3
10


opinion
quality
type
noun
an
old-fashioned
romantic
candle-lit
dinner for two
Sometimes we can use but between adjectives, especially if their meanings seem contradictory.

2

3


size

quality
noun
a
small
but
tasty
meal
If we use 2 adjectives that are similar in meaning, we usually put the shorter one first: a soft, comfortable cushion.


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