Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Homework: p.41

Strength
It’s not worth the effort
cobbled / ˈkɒbəld/past p ‹street› adoquinado
fragrant / ˈfreɪɡrənt/ adjetivo
wander 1 / ˈwɑːndər / || / ˈwɒndə(r)/
wonder 1 / ˈwʌndər / || / ˈwʌndə(r)/
fragante, aromático
The faster you drive, the earlier we’ll arrive
The sooner, the better.
The more you study, the better results you get.
Pam‧per / ˈpæmpər / || / ˈpæmpə(r)/ [transitive]
To look after someone very kindly, for example by giving them the things that they want and making them feel warm and comfortable:
She spent her childhood as the pampered daughter of a wealthy family.
Pamper yourself
Pamper yourself with a stay in one of our luxury hotels.
Ancient / ˈeɪnʃənt/
Calm 1 /kɑːm/
Peninsula /pəˈnɪnsələ / ||/pəˈnɪnsjʊlə/
Tranquil / ˈtræŋkwəl / || / ˈtræŋkwɪl/
cabin / ˈkæbən / || / ˈkæbɪn/
Loathe /ləʊð/
Supply 1 /səˈplaɪ/
Suitable / ˈsuːtəbəl / || / ˈsuːtəbəl/ , / ˈsjuː-/
hustle 1 / ˈhʌsəl/
bustle 1 / ˈbʌsəl/
It suits you
Rise and shine
Spoiled child - brat
Sprain an ankle
To be spoiled for choice
Herd of sheep

suite /swiːt/
caving

cave diving

bungee jumping

paragliding

jet ski

wild water raft

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

nb2 29/11/11

Homework: p.38
T-bone steak [countable]
A thinly cut piece of beef that has a T-shaped bone in it.
Menu / ˈmenjuː/
Tomato /təˈmeɪtəʊ/ -US ||/təˈmɑːtəʊ/ -UK
Soup /suːp/
Potato /pəˈteɪtəʊ/
Mushroom 1 / ˈmʌʃrʊm/ , /-ruːm/
Prawn /prɔːn/
Steak /steɪk/
Butcher 1 / ˈbʊtʃər / || / ˈbʊtʃə(r)/
Gardener / ˈɡɑːrdnər / || / ˈɡɑːdnə(r)/
Salmon / ˈsæmən/
Starters, main course and dessert /dɪˈzɜːrt / || /dɪˈzɜːt/ (NOT desert 1 / ˈdezərt / || / ˈdezət/)
Pudding British English a sweet dish served at the end of a meal
For pudding
There's ice-cream FOR pudding.
➔ dessert
Revise
Excuse me
spoken
a) Used when you want to get someone's attention politely, especially when you want to ask a question:
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum please?
b) Used to say that you are sorry for doing something rude or embarrassing:
Oh, excuse me. I didn't know anyone was here.

Sorry/I'm sorry
spoken
a) Used to tell someone that you wish you had not done something that has affected them badly, hurt them etc:
I'm really sorry. I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
'Matt, stop doing that!' 'Sorry!'
I'm sorry, did I step on your foot?

Wharf plural wharves [countable]
A structure that is built out into the water so that boats can stop next to it.

One in five /one out of five /

Permanent job
Nightmare
The red one suits you better
I dreamt I had to take an exam (but) I hadn’t studied.

Monday, November 28, 2011

lunes 28/11/11

Slash
Hes‧i‧tate
1 [intransitive] to pause before saying or doing something because you are nervous or not sure:
Kay hesitated for a moment and then said 'yes'.
Hesitate about/over
He was still hesitating over whether to leave or not.
Amazed, shocked, proud, exhausted
Nudge
1 [transitive] to push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to get their attention:
Jill nudged him in the ribs.
Wob‧ble
1 [intransitive and transitive] to move unsteadily from side to side, or make something do this:
The pile of bricks wobbled and fell.
Tom stopped, wobbling from the weight of his load.
Live‧ly comparative livelier, superlative liveliest
1
People
Someone who is lively has a lot of energy and is very active:
A lively child
2
Place/situation
A place or situation that is lively is exciting because a lot of things are happening:
The hotel is situated next to the lively bustling port.
The city's lively nightlife.
gist
The gist
The main idea and meaning of what someone has said or written
The gist of
The gist of his argument is that full employment is impossible.
Don't worry about all the details as long as you get the gist (=understand the main meaning) of it.
Be at a loss for words
Plonk [transitive always + adverb/preposition] especially British English informal
1 also plonk something down to put something down somewhere, especially in a noisy and careless way [= plunk American English]
You can plonk those bags down anywhere in my room.
Plonk something on/onto/beside etc something/somebody
He plonked a couple of glasses on the table.
2
Plonk yourself (down)
To sit down heavily and then relax:
We plonked ourselves down in front of the telly and opened a couple of beers.

Altitude sickness

Thanksgiving



Thursday, November 24, 2011

nb2 24/11/11

Owl /aʊl/
Champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/
Violin / ˈvaɪəˈlɪn/
Frightened / ˈfraɪtnʲd/
Romance 1 /rəˈmæns/ , / ˈrəʊmæns / || /rəʊˈmæns/
Successful /səkˈsesfəl/
Busy 1 / ˈbɪzi/
patient 1 / ˈpeɪʃənt/
psychoanalyst / ˈsaɪkəʊˈænlʲəst/

What do you think will happen tomorrow?
Who do you think will win the league?
Where do you think they’ll get the best results?
When do you think they will arrive?

P 131, ex. 3Da
Do, is, did, were, do, will, does, are, was.
Ex. 3Db
Are having/are going to, had, wants, shall/will I buy, happened, was coming, stopped, met, are going to be

Some other time. En otro momento
Learn by heart- Aprender de memoria
p. 34 ex 1b
Were…doing, drinking, talking ,was drinking, happened, was, were, couldn’t, could, was playing, saw, did, feel, remember, woke up, does, mean.

Wednesday, November 23, 2011

ni2 23/11/11

increase 1 /ɪnˈkriːs/(V)
increase ['ɪnkrɪ:s] (N)
amount /əˈmaʊnt/
dangerous / ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
reveal /rɪˈviːl/
betray /bɪˈtreɪ/
budget 1 / ˈbʌdʒət / || / ˈbʌdʒɪt/
definitely / ˈdefənətli/ , / ˈdefnətli / || / ˈdefɪnɪtli/
status / ˈstætəs / ||/ ˈsteɪtəs/

Have a say
Ruthless / ˈruːθləs / || / ˈruːθlɪs/ adjetivo ‹enemy› despiadado
ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/
principle / ˈprɪnsəpəl/
principal 1 / ˈprɪnsəpəl/

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 3D
1
Would they work longer hours if we paid them more?
If they offered her the job, she would accept it.
I would apply for the job if my boss decided to retire.
If he didn’t agree with their policies, John wouldn’t work for a company.
Would you resign if you didn’t get on well with your colleagues?
I wouldn’t be able to live with myself if I betrayed a colleague.
2
Unless, even if, as long as, whether, as soon as.

transfeRRed
inferRRed
referred

in a subtle way

Tuesday, November 22, 2011

nb2 22/11/11

Homework (only for NB2B) grammar bank p.131 and exercise 4, p.33

Can I borrow a pen?
Can you lend me a pen?

Builder / ˈbɪldər / || / ˈbɪldə(r)/
Plumber / ˈplʌmər / || / ˈplʌmə(r)/
Electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃən/
Secret 1 / ˈsiːkrət / || / ˈsiːkrɪt/
Promise 1 / ˈprɑːməs / || / ˈprɒmɪs/
Research 1 /rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/ , / ˈriːsɜːrtʃ / || /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/
Whole 1 /həʊl/=hole
Dentist / ˈdentəst / || / ˈdentɪst/
Swap 1 /swɑːp / ||/swɒp/
Money / ˈmʌni/
Mean 1 /miːn/
Eternal /ɪˈtɜːrnlʲ / || /ɪˈtɜːnlʲ/
Exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/
Journey 1 / ˈdʒɜːrni / || / ˈdʒɜːni/
Either 1 / ˈiːðər/ , / ˈaɪðər / || / ˈiːðə(r)/ , / ˈaɪðə(r)/

I like basket (affirmative)
I ALSO like it / I like it TOO / AS WELL.
I don’t like basket (negative)
I don’t like it EITHER

NEITHER ... NOR ...
Used when mentioning two things that are not true or possible:
Neither Oleg's mother nor his father spoke English.
The equipment is neither accurate nor safe.
! Do not say 'neither ...or ...'. Say not ...or ... or neither ...nor ...: We don't know or care where he is. | Neither he nor his wife eats meat.
I like neither football nor basket

Does it suit me?
Steak /steɪk/
Pipe 1 /paɪp/


P131
ex. 3Ca
1i, 2h, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6d, 7f
ex. 3Ca
Shall I, won’t tell, I‘ll call, I’ll pay, I won’t, Shall I take.

Rainbow
This morning I talked to a friend that I hadn’t seen in a long time.
This morning I talked to an old friend





I know you think that I shouldn't still love you,
Or t____ you that.
But if I didn't say it, well I'd still have felt it
where's the sense in that?
I p_____ I'm not trying to make your life harder
Or r_____ to where we were
I will g_____ down with this ship
And I won't p____ my hands up and surrender
There will be no white flag above my door
I'm in love and always will b_____
I k____ I left too much mess and
destruction to c____ back again
And I caused nothing but trouble
I u____ if you can't talk to me again
And if you l____ by the rules of "it's over"
then I'm sure that that makes sense
I will …
And when we m____
Which I'm sure we will
All that was there, Will be there still
I'll let it pass
And h___ my tongue
And you will think
That I've moved on....
I will …

THE BURIAL OF THE SARDINE

WHERE, WHEN AND THE ORIGIN

The Burial of the Sardine is an event that takes place in Murcia city the first Saturday after Easter. It's so popular that you can see it on TV. It has been declared as an international tourist interest celebration.

We don't know when this tradition started, but we are sure it began many years ago, maybe one century or more.

We think the reason for this celebration could be found in old times, during Lent and Easter, where people couln't eat meat for many days, so they had to eat different kinds of fish and seafood. The Burial of the Sardine is a symbol to celebrate the end of eating so much fish.

The Burial of the Sardine (Where/When)

The Burial of the Sardine is the greatest day in the Easter holidays of Murcia city. It is celebrated the week after The Holy Week. You can watch on TV the parade because it was declared of national touristic interest.

ORIGIN.
The Burial of the Sardine is a celebration with an unknown origin. One possible origin for this party is this one:
A hundred years ago, catholic people couldn't eat meat in Easter (especially on Fridays), so they had to eat fish. When Easter finished, they decided to give a big party where they burned a sardine as a sign, meaning they didn't have to eat more fish, because they were free to eat meat again.
(People and events)

PEOPLE AND EVENTS
During the burial of the sardine there are several events like parades, fireworks and the burning of the sardine (a big fish).
There is a big parade with music bands, dancers, dragons, giants, monsters …But the “main course” is a parade of brightly decorated vehicles with a mythological inspiration. About 15-20 people travel on them throwing thousands of toys, balls and some things to the people going crazy in the street.
Every year a lot of tourists visit our country at that time and that evening, everybody enjoys watching big brightly decorated vehicles and you can see children smiling while hundreds of toys fall into their hands.
At the end of the parade, there are fireworks and the big fish is burnt.

EVENTS: PARADES, FIREWORKS, MODEL FISH (BURNT).

The week after Easter we celebrate a huge parade which starts on Saturday at nine o’clock in the evening. Groups of people dance and the public waits some toys which are given by the “sardineros”. At the end of the parade the sardine is burnt and fireworks are shot.

CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, there are two sides in this festival. The first one would be the parade, which is beautiful and funny. In this parade we can see a fantastic and colourful permormance by the several groups.The second would be that this is a crowded and violet festival, because people drink too much and they fight to catch the toys that "sandineros" throw to the people. Despite all this, it is a traditional festival which we have to keep and improve.

MY HOMETOWN

How the culture is changing?

Nowadays, culture is changing a lot, because the world is more global, there are more people, more immigrants...
New technologies have made our lives easier and we have abandoned many customs, thoughts ... We have changed the way we talk, think, act ...
The crisis in the world has caused many people to abandon their culture and they go to another country to look for a better job, different customs, lifestyles ...
Now the mentality of people is more open than some years ago.

HOW THE CULTURE IS CHANGING:

In the past people worked in the market garden; however, nowadays this kind of job is disappearing in the name of the progress.
Currently, most of the people work and live in the city, and this change has made people's culture change too. One example of this is, on the one hand, the improvement in the access to school education and, on the other hand, the loss of a good familiar education in terms of social values because parents have to work.

HOW THE CULTURE IS CHANGING

I remember when I was a child, kids in my neighbourhood used to play all together in the street after they finished class, but ,unfortunately, nowadays they can’t do it because is more dangerous than before, so young people spend more time watching TV, playing at home and so on; in fact, they don’t socialize enough, and in my opinion it is bad.

RELIGION

Most of people in Murcia are catholic or they practise the Catholicism. In Catholicism there are several types of groups: Jehovah's Witnesses, Orthodox, Evangelists...
Nowadays, because of immigration we can see people with different religions like Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.
All commons religions have a unique God, and a book which contains his dogmas, recommendations, rules and life habits.

RELIGION

Here in Murcia the most of the population is traditionally catholic. But, nowadays, more and more people are living their lives apart from religion. Immigration also has brought other religions such as subdivisions of Christianity (Baptist, evangelistic, etc.) or Islam.

RELIGION

In Spain, the traditional religion is Christianity and we usually celebrate all the festivities related to his religion like Easter and Xmas.
In my opinion, nowadays, religion is less important (for some people) because it is possible that before, people had more free time than now to go to the church, for example.
I said that almost all people are catholic but there are more and more people with different cultures in Spain and therefore, also there are different religions like the Muslim one.

RELIGIOn

In Alcantarilla, almost all people are catholic, then they believe in "Virgen de la Salud", the patron-saint of the town.

Unfortunately, young people are interested in other things and they hardly-ever go to the church; God isn’t important in their lives. Also, there are people that practise other religions, for example, Jehovah Witnesses or Evangelists.

In conclusion, in Alcantarilla there are people with different religions, but the most important is that everybody respects the other people, in fact, we live and let live.

TRADITIONS

In Murcia people always go out to have a lunch on Sunday to relax or they do other funny activities with the family. Also, people take a snack on Friday after work. However, young people go out to parties or just go for a walk with friends at the weekend.

TRADITIONS

There is a variety of traditions in Murcia. One of them is about food. In Murcia it is typical eating meat cakes that, I think, are only made in our region and they are very good, but, unfortunately, it has a lot of calories. The fish rice (caldero) is very typical too.
Also, there are religious traditions like the processions at Easter, in which its members give sweets to the public that see them.
Another tradition is the “Romería” that consists of going with the Fuensanta Virgin to her house in the mountain. Every year, more and more people go with her when the Fair finishes.

SPECIAL OCCASIONS

Well, in my village there´re many special occasions, like The Easter Week, there´re many religious parades with the most important scenes from the life of Jesus and his saints.

The last weekend, we celebrate the parade in honour of (Nuestra Señora del Alba), with a group of people, called “auroros”, who sing and play music with traditional instruments. It´s nice.

The next weekend, it’s the same with The Rosario Virgin.

Another important occasion is the celebration of the festivities in honour of another Virgin, The Health (La Salud).
It´s also a pagan festivity, because people drink a lot and at the end a witch is burned. Oh, what a pity!

Finally, I think there are too many Virgins and too much alcohol.

TRADITIONS AND SPECIAL OCCASIONS IN MY REGION: MURCIA.

Murcia has a lot of traditions like its local dances where people wear traditional clothes or the processions with religious idols on the streets.
At Christmas you can see in a lot of figures where Jesus birth is shown / represented.
Another special occasion is in September with "La Romería", in this annual festival, people come from all over the villages to go with the local saint "La Fuensanta" to the mountain where she has her church.

SPECIAL OCCASIONS

There are many special occasions in which you can enjoy the people, the weather and the beautiful squares in Murcia.
At Christmas you can see a fantastic festival in "Santo Domingo" square, at Easter there are great figures of Salzillo in the street and, of course, in summer you can enjoy our fantastic beaches, some of which are still wild.
It is easy to find a special occasion to have a beer at the flowers square with good friends.

SPECIAL OCCASIONS

In Spain there are a lot of festivals, but people celebrate specially two of them.

- Easter. It is a Catholic celebration in which people commemorate Jesus death.
- Christmas. People celebrate when Jesus was born and when the Three Wise Men visited him in Belen.

LANGUAGE

In our city, the language is Spanish. But there are a lot of people from different countries here, so they also speak other languages, such as Chinese and Muslim. These days, people like learning languages too for studying, working or travelling reasons. The most commons are English and French. We have got another typical language which old people used to speak some years ago. It is called Panocho, but now it is dying out.

LANGUAGE

In Murcia, the official language is Spanish but there is a particular way of speaking the Spanish language named "panocho".
It consists of the omission of the last sound or syllable, for example: "todo" sounds "to". In Panocho dialect there area lot of own expressions like: "pico' squina", "ta too güeno" or "vente pacá". This is very strange for the people of the rest of Spain and it is very complicated for tourists to understand us.

Language in my country

In Spain there are five different languages: Galician, Euskera, Catalan, Valenciano and Spanish. The official language in all the country is Spanish; the other four languages are co-official languages in different places of Spain. Moreover, there are a lot of languages spoken by tourists and immigrants like English, Italian, French, Arabic, Germany, and many more. In addition, in Spain people try to learn English as second or third language both for work and as a hobby.

Alcantarilla (language/national costume)

In Alcantarilla there aren't different languages, everybody speaks Spanish but we speak with a special accent. There is a dialect called panocho that nowadays it is not spoken.
In Alcantarilla people is starting to wear brand clothes. In the past people wore comfortable clothes to work in the country.

LANGUAGE
In our region, called "Región de Murcia", the oficial language is Spanish, but we have also an old language, known as "Panocho" that was spoken years ago by local inhabitants.

NATIONAL COSTUME
We have our own typical costume, that is used on special events as "el Bando de la Huerta" and other local festivals.
It´s always worn by groups that play them and dance with typical music.

CULTURE CHANGE.

Nowadays, there is an only one difference between people who live in the city and people who live in the nearest villages: young people live in the city. This is because more people than in the past go to University and it is in the city. Another change that we can see is about Technology. Nowadays most of the citizens use gadgets such as I-Pods, mobiles phones, tablets or laptops, which are very popular among young people. We could conclude that nowadays young people is moving the world and leading the change.

TRADITIONAL COSTUME.

Here in Murcia we have a traditional costume. This costume is different if you are a man or a woman. If you are a man, you have to wear white special trousers called "Zaragüeles". If you are a woman, you have to wear a special skirt. This skirt, which is called "Refajo", is made of cotton, it is very heavy but very beautiful too. It has a fantastic design which is handmade.

NATIONAL COSTUME

In Spain every region, city and town has its costume. Actually, these costumes are a heritage of past centuries and nowadays there are people who work to recover these costumes. They look for them in old books and they ask the oldest person in the town about them. Thanks to them, we have been able to dress young people with traditional costumes in special occasion like local festivities.

National Costume

In Murcia, people use a traditional costume when the “Bando de la Huerta” takes place. For women it consists of a long skirt with handmade flowers and a white shirt with shorts sleeves. Over this shirt they usually wear a big “mantón”. On their head they usually wear traditional jewellery. On their feet they usually wear a pair of long white socks and a pair of special shoes called “esparteñas”.
For men it consists of a white pair of trousers called “zaragüeles” and a white shirt with long sleeves. Over this shirt they usually wear a vest, and round their waist they usually wear a “faja” of the same colour as the vest.
On their feet they use the same things as women.

Monday, November 21, 2011

ni2 21/11/11

Climb 1 /klaɪm/
Focus 1 / ˈfəʊkəs/
Improbable /ɪmˈprɑːbəbəl / || /ɪmˈprɒbəbəl/
Satisfaction / ˈsætəsˈfækʃən / || / ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/
Target 1 / ˈtɑːrɡət / || / ˈtɑːɡɪt/
Achievable /əˈtʃiːvəbəl/
Feasible / ˈfiːzəbəl/
Measurable / ˈmeʒərəbəl/
Reach 1 /riːtʃ/
Destination / ˈdestəˈneɪʃən / || / ˌdestɪˈneɪʃən/
Sincere /sɪnˈsɪr / || /sɪnˈsɪə(r)/
Sure 1 /ʃʊr / ||/ʃʊə(r)/ , /ʃɔː(r)/
Conform /kənˈfɔːrm / || /kənˈfɔːm/
Expect /ɪkˈspekt/
Sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/
Avoidable /əˈvɔɪdəbəl/
Carefully / ˈkerfli / || / ˈkeəfəli/
Various / ˈveriəs / || / ˈveəriəs/
Harmony / ˈhɑːrməni / || / ˈhɑːməni/
Thesis / ˈθiːsəs / || / ˈθiːsɪs/


Variations of the first conditional:
If you want to improve your diet, don’t say…
If you never achieve your goals, you might just lose interest.
If you say “I’m going to win this race”, you could end up being disappointed.
If you starting to play tennis, a feasible goal might be to keep the ball in play for ten shots.
If you are only doing it to conform to what other people expect, your motivation may not be sustainable.

O‧ver‧weight
1 someone who is overweight is too heavy and fat [↪ underweight]
10 kilos/20 lbs etc overweight
Sally was fifty pounds overweight.
He is slightly overweight.
➔ see usage note fat1
2. Something such as a package that is overweight weighs more than it is supposed to weigh [↪ underweight]:
My luggage was overweight by five kilos.

Thursday, November 17, 2011

nb2 17/11/11

Homework Ex 2 p.30 (and 149)

THE FUTURE
The match is on Saturday at seven (present simple=100%)
We are playing a basket match this weekend (present continuous=90%)
They are going to go Rome on holiday (going to=80%)
I (DON’T) think I’ll pass the exam (will=50%) (Predictions made at the moment of speaking)
I’m going to pass the exam (Predictions too but 80%=there’s an evidence=you know the lesson very well)

Shall negative short form shan't
1
Shall I/we...?
Spoken used to make a suggestion, or ask a question that you want the other person to decide about:
Shall I open the window?
Shall we say 6 o'clock, then?
What shall I get for dinner?
2
I/we shall
Especially British English formal used to say what you will do in the future:
We shall be away next week.
I shall have to be careful.
I've never liked her and I never shall.
We shall have finished by Friday.
3b, p.131
A
They won’t win. Will the meeting be long? He won’t get the job, will you see…, it’ll be impossible…, you won’t like…, she’ll love.., there won’t be…, you’ll BE ABLE TO (NOT can after will) find a good job.
B
Will never do, will ever make, won’t last, will be.

Will you be able to help me on Sunday?
Will there be many people in the party?
Will you ever see you again? NO, never.
It rings the bell.
You’ll get food poisoning.
You’ll fall asleep.
You won’t be able to concentrate.
The TV will break down.
There will be a power cut.
You will fall from a ladder.

I don’t have money or I have no money
Action packed film

Wednesday, November 16, 2011

ni2 16/11/11

Competitive exam
Vocational training
Deserve
Join a gym
The last but not the least
SET OUT: to start doing something or making plans to do something in order to achieve a particular result
Set out to do something
Salesmen who deliberately set out to defraud customers
Set out with the idea/purpose/intention etc of doing something
They set out with the aim of becoming the number one team in the league.

Due
1
Expected
[Not before noun] expected to happen or arrive at a particular time
Due to do something
The team is due to fly to Italy next month.
His new book is due to be published next year.
Hum‧ble
1 not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people's [≠ proud; ↪ humility]:
A modest and humble man
Ex 10 p 33
Will you be sleeping
Will not be carrying
Will have broken
We’ll have crossed
Will be crossing
Ex 11 p 33
Flying, travelling, hoping, taking, using, learnt, aiming, going out, saved, looking.
Grammar practice from the grammar reference:
2.1
1c, 2g, 3h, 4f, 5i, 6d, 7a, 8e, 9b
2.2
1were supposed, 2couldn’t, 3had to, 4was allowed, 5could, 6didn’t have to, 7can, 8don’t have to, 9must, 10can’t, 11has to, 12allowed to, 13must never, 14 needen’t
2.3
‘d arranged, overslept, arrived, already started, didn’t get, knocked, was showing, hadn’t had, did you meet, was, had forgotten, were coming, walked, was playing
2.4
1b, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5a+b,

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Questions with and without auxiliary

1 Queen Elizabeth I became queen of England IN 1558.

-When did Elizabeth become Queen of England?
___________________________________________
2 QUEEN ELIZABETH I became queen of England in 1558.

-Who became queen of England in 1558 ?
___________________________________________

3 LILITH was Adam's first wife.

-Who was Adam’s first wife?
___________________________________________
4 THE ATHENIANS sentenced Socrates to death in 399 BC.

-Who sentenced Socrates to death?
___________________________________________
5 The Athenians sentenced Socrates to death IN 399 BC.

-When did the Athenians sentence Socrates to death?
___________________________________________
6 ARISTOTLE taught Alexander the Great.

-Who taught Alexander the Great?
___________________________________________
7 Aristotle taught ALEXANDER THE GREAT.

-Who did Aristotle teach?
___________________________________________
8 Apollo and Artemis were born IN DELOS, according to legend.

-Where were Apollo and Artemis born?
___________________________________________
9 THE ARCHBISHOP OF VALENCIA ordered the execution of an innocent school teacher in 1826.

-Who ordered the execution of an innocent School teacher en 1826 ?
_________________________________________________________
10 Gema saw A FOX CUB.

-What did Gema see?
___________________________________________
11 GEMA saw a fox cub.

--Who saw a fow cub?

___________________________________________
12 TONY broke the video.

-Who broke the video?
__________________________________________---

nb2 15/11/11

Homework: p. 26

P 28
Arrival /əˈraɪvəl/
Au pair / ˈəʊˈper / || / ˌəʊˈpeə(r)/
Improve /ɪmˈpruːv/
Money / ˈmʌni/
Luck /lʌk/
Surprise 1 /səˈpraɪz/
Edinburgh / ˈednʲˌbɜːrə/ , /-rəʊ / ||/ ˈedɪnbrə/
Reunion /riːˈjuːnjən/
Australia /ɔːˈstreɪliə / ||/ɒˈstreɪliə/
Ex. 1b
2h, 3a, 4f, 5g, 6b, 7i, 8d, 9e
Ex. 1c
1m, 2r, 3j, 4m, 5j, 6r.
3A
A
Isn’t going to pass
Is … going to buy
Are going to be
Aren’t going (to go) camping – are going to stay
Are they going to get married
Is going to snow
B
Are you doing
Going to rain
Going (to go) away
I’m meeting
Going to stay / staying
Going to be late
going to come / coming
GOING TO
- Predictions based on evidence:
Look at these clouds, this evening it’s going to rain.
- Future plans (80%):
I’m going to Torrevieja this weekend.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- Future arrangements (90%)
I’m getting married this weekend.

I work very long hours (=a lot of hours)
Look forward to something
Phrasal verb
To be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen:
I'm really looking forward to our vacation.
Look forward to doing something
My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.
I’m looking forward to Real Madrid vs Barcelona football match.
Versus
1 v. British English vs. American English used to show that two people or teams are competing against each other in a game or court case:
The New York Knicks versus the LA Lakers
The Supreme Court decision in Roe vs. Wade

Monday, November 14, 2011

NI2 14/11/11

In 10 days'/five years'/a few minutes' etc time
Ten days, five years etc from now:
He has an appointment with the doctor in two days' time.
Vac‧cin‧ate [transitive]
To protect a person or animal from a disease by giving them a vaccine [= immunize]
Vaccinate somebody against something
All children should be vaccinated against measles.
—vaccination noun [uncountable and countable]
A flu vaccination
Needle
Injection-1 [uncountable and countable] an act of putting a drug into someone's body using a special needle [↪ shot]:
The nurse gave me a tetanus injection.
injection of
an injection of insulin
The children hate having injections.
The only sure treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection

Stuff [uncountable]
1
Things
informal used when you are talking about things such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are:
I've got some sticky stuff on my shoe.
How do you think you're going to fit all that stuff into the car?
I felt sorry for the ones who had to eat the awful stuff.
Where's all the camping stuff?
2
Somebody’s stuff
Informal the things that belong to someone:
Did you get the rest of your stuff?
3
Activities/ideas
Informal used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are:
What kind of stuff do you like to read?
I've got so much stuff to do this weekend.
There's a lot of interesting stuff in this book.
He's talked to me about all that stuff too.
He does mountain biking and skiing and stuff like that.
4
Work/art
Informal used when you are talking about what someone has done or made, for example writing, music, or art:
I don't like his stuff.
John Lee was getting ready to play his stuff.
He did some great stuff in his early films.

Thursday, November 10, 2011

nb2 10/11/11

Homework: send a photo that’s important to you and explain why. 70 – 100 words.

P 23 ex 2
Because, although, but, so

Although [ɔ:l'ðəʊ]
Mobile 1 / ˈməʊbəl / ||/ ˈməʊbaɪl/

P 129
2D
A
Although, because, but, although, so, because, but.
B
1- So E, 2- because F, 3-although D, 4-but G, 5-so H, 6-because A, 7-but C, 8- because B

Mrs British English; Mrs. American English
1 used before a married woman's family name to be polite when you are speaking to her, writing to her, or talking about her [↪ miss, Mrs]:
Mrs. Smith
Miss
Used in front of the family name of a woman who is not married to address her politely, to write to her, or to talk about her[↪ Mrs, Ms, Mr]:
Ms British English; Ms. American English
Used before a woman's family name when she does not want to be called 'Mrs' or 'Miss', or when you do not know whether she is married or not [↪ miss, Mrs]:
Dear Ms Johnson, ...
Crisp [countable] British English
A very thin flat round piece of potato that is cooked in oil and eaten cold [↪ chip; = potato chip AmE]
Chip [countable]
1
Food
a) British English [usually plural] a long thin piece of potato cooked in oil [= French fryAmerican English]
Fish and chips
A bag of chips

Wednesday, November 09, 2011

9/11/11

Homework
For Monday: All the grammar reference of unit 2
For Wednesday: writing p 28, a formal letter applying for one of the jobs in adverts 1 and 2, you choose the one you like the most of the two… No more than 200 words…

Pros and cons: the advantages and disadvantages of something.
The pros and cons of (doing) something
We discussed the pros and cons of going to university.
Ab‧so‧lute‧ly
1 completely and in every way:
He made his reasons for resigning absolutely clear.
Are you absolutely sure?
This cake is absolutely delicious.
Nod past tense and past participle nodded, present participle nodding[intransitive and transitive]
1 to move your head up and down, especially in order to show agreement or understanding [↪ shake]:
I asked her if she was ready to go, and she nodded.
Mom nodded her head sympathetically.
Ar‧tic‧u‧late
1 able to talk easily and effectively about things, especially difficult subjects [≠ inarticulate]:
Bright, articulate 17-year-olds
A highly articulate speaker
P 28
savvy / ˈsævi/
Re‧lo‧cate [intransitive and transitive]
If a person or business relocates, or if they are relocated, they move to a different place
Career 1 /kəˈrɪr / || /kəˈrɪə(r)/
Reward 1 /rɪˈwɔːrd / || /rɪˈwɔːd/
Creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/
Ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/
Guide 1 /ɡaɪd/
Pursuit /pərˈsuːt / ||/pəˈsjuːt/
Enthusiastic /ɪnˈθuːziˈæstɪk / ||/ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
Appearance /əˈpɪrəns / || /əˈpɪərəns/
Mountain / ˈmaʊntnʲ / || / ˈmaʊntɪn/
Apply /əˈplaɪ/
Advertised / ˈædvərtaɪzd/ || / ˈædvətaɪzd/
Recent / ˈriːsnʲt/
Courteous / ˈkɜːrtiəs / || / ˈkɜːtiəs/

RISE
1
Increase
[countable] an increase in number, amount, or value[= increase; ≠ fall]
Rise in
We are expecting a sharp rise in interest rates.
An alarming rise in unemployment
There's been a rise in the number of arrests for drug offences.
Rise of
Profits went up to £24 million, a rise of 16%.
Rent/price rise
Tenants face a 20% rent rise.
2
Wages
[Countable] British English an increase in wages [= raiseAmerican English]
He's been promised a rise next year.
The railworkers were offered a 3% pay rise.

Tuesday, November 08, 2011

nb2 8/11/11

Homework p 23 ex 3 and 4



Look at the stars,
Look how they shine for you,
And everything you do,
Yeah, they were all yellow.
I came along,
I wrote a song for you,
And all the things you do,
And it was called "Yellow".
So then I took my turn,
Oh what a thing to have done,
And it was all "Yellow."
Your skin,
Oh yeah your skin and bones,
Turn into something beautiful,
You know, you know I love you so,
You know I love you so.
I swam across,
I jumped across for you,
Oh what a thing to do.
Cos you were all "Yellow",
I drew a line,
I drew a line for you,
Oh what a thing to do,
And it was all "Yellow."
Your skin,
Oh yeah your skin and bones,
Turn into something beautiful,
And you know,
For you I'd bleed myself dry,
For you I'd bleed myself dry.
It's true,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine.
Look at the stars,
Look how they shine for you,
And all the things that you do.


P 129 2c
A)
WHAT happened to you?
WHAT does this word mean?
HOW MANY PEOPLE came to this class?
WHICH BUS goes to the airport?
WHICH ACTOR won the Oscar this year?
WHAT did the teacher say?
B)
…did Ayrton Senna win?
…won…
…directed…
…did Nelson Mandela become…
…wrote…
…did Sting do…
-
HOW MANY CATS did you buy?
WHICH GIRL did you like the most?

Look at these two questions:
Question word - Auxiliary - Subject - Verb
Who - do - you - love?

Question word – verb - object
Who – loves - you?

The first question is a normal question and uses the form which we almost always use for a question:

Question word + auxiliary + subject + verb
In the second question, the question word is the subject. When the QUESTION WORD is the subject there is no auxiliary verb and the verb agrees with the subject.

Other examples:

Question word – verb - object

Who – wrote - Romeo and Juliet?
Who – won - the 2006 World Cup?
Which player – fouled - Ronaldo?
What – happened-?

Questions Without the Auxiliary Verb Exercise at Auto-English

When the interrogative is also the subject we don't use an auxiliary.

Make a question about the word in capital letter in each sentence. Sometimes you need an auxiliary and sometimes you don't.

1 Queen Elizabeth I became queen of England IN 1558.
___________________________________________
2 QUEEN ELIZABETH I became queen of England in 1558.
___________________________________________
3 LILITH was Adam's first wife.
___________________________________________
4 THE ATHENIANS sentenced Socrates to death in 399 BC.
___________________________________________
5 The Athenians sentenced Socrates to death IN 399 BC.
___________________________________________
6 ARISTOTLE taught Alexander the Great.
___________________________________________
7 Aristotle taught ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
___________________________________________
8 Apollo and Artemis were born IN DELOS, according to legend.
___________________________________________
9 THE ARCHBISHOP OF VALENCIA ordered the execution of an innocent school teacher in 1826.
_________________________________________________________
10 Gema saw A FOX CUB.
___________________________________________
11 GEMA saw a fox cub.
___________________________________________
12 TONY broke the video.
__________________________________________---
Mad = nuts
He is mad
He’s nuts

knew /nuː / ||/njuː/

It was raining cats and dogs
RUN INTO: to hit someone or something with a vehicle [= crash into]:
He ran into the back of another car.
Ac‧ro‧nym [countable]
A word made up from the first letters of the name of something such as an organization. For example NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
What colour is the pencil?
What is the colour of the pencil?

Monday, November 07, 2011

ni2 7/11/11

Cof‧fin [countable]
a long box in which a dead person is buried or burnt [= casketAmerican English]
P 25
EX 5
Get down to – deal with – carry on – got away with – run out of – fell for it.
EX 6
Dry up- ended up – read up – turned up – trip up
p 26
Expertise / ˈekspɜːrˈtiːz / || / ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
Recourse / ˈriːkɔːrs / ||/rɪˈkɔːs/
Indignant /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/
Moron / ˈmɔːrɑːn / || / ˈmɔːrɒn/ consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/
Carefully / ˈkerfli / || / ˈkeəfəli/
Attire 1 /əˈtaɪr / || /əˈtaɪə(r)/
Behaviour, US behavior [bɪ'heɪvjəʳ]
Suitable / ˈsuːtəbəl / || / ˈsuːtəbəl/ , / ˈsjuː-/
Embryonic / ˈembriˈɑːnɪk / || / ˌembriˈɒnɪk/
Regional / ˈriːdʒənlʲ/
Dreary / ˈdrɪri / || / ˈdrɪəri/
Roving / ˈrəʊvɪŋ/

Thursday, November 03, 2011

NB2 3/11/11

Imagine there's no _______ 1
It's easy if you try
No _______ 2 below us
Above us only _______ 3
Imagine all the people
Living for today

Imagine there's no countries
It isn't hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for
And no _______ 4 too
Imagine all the people
Living life in _______ 5

You may say that I'm a _______ 6
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one

Imagine no _______ 6
I wonder if you can
No need for _______ 7 or _______ 8
A _______ 9 of man
Imagine all the people
Sharing all the world

You may say that I'm a _______ 10
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will live as one



Imagine there's no Heaven
It's easy if you try
No hell below us
Above us only sky
Imagine all the people
Living for today

Imagine there's no countries
It isn't hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for
And no religion too
Imagine all the people
Living life in peace

You may say that I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one

Imagine no possessions
I wonder if you can
No need for greed or hunger
A brotherhood of man
Imagine all the people
Sharing all the world

You may say that I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will live as one



DATES

ON (the) 9(th) (of) February 2020 /February (the) 9th 2020
IN February 2020

Wednesday, November 02, 2011

ni2 2/11/11

Assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/
Duty / ˈduːti / ||/ ˈdjuːti/
Duty plural duties
1
Something you must do [uncountable and countable] something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right [= obligation]COLLOCATIONS
do your duty - it is somebody's duty to do something - have a duty to do something - have a duty to somebody/owe somebody a duty - sense of duty - moral duty - legal duty - fail in your duty (=fail to do something that you should do for someone) - be duty-bound to do something formal (=have a duty to do something)
I promise I will do my duty.
We feel it is our duty to help her.
Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean.
You have a duty to your husband and to your children.
She has a strong sense of moral duty.
The unions have failed in their duty to female workers.
In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother.
2
Work
[Countable usually plural, uncountable] something you have to do as part of your job
Duties
Martin's duties included cleaning the cars.
She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties.
He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job).
He can only do light duties .
When Juliet reported for duty (=arrived and said she was ready to start work) she was sent to check on a new patient.
A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly).
He did three tours of duty in Vietnam (=three periods working in a foreign country as a soldier, government officer etc).
3
Be on/off duty
to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it:
He's on night duty.
Mary goes on duty (=starts working) tonight at half past ten.
What time do you go off duty (=finish work)?

Firm 1 /fɜːrm / || /fɜːm/
Apprenticeship /əˈprentəsʃɪp / || /əˈprentɪsʃɪp/
Guard 1 /ɡɑːrd / || /ɡɑːd/
Aisle /aɪl/
Purse 1 /pɜːrs / || /pɜːs/
Pat 1 /pæt/
A uniform 1 / ˈjuːnəfɔːrm / || / ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/
Detective /dɪˈtektɪv/
Seriously / ˈsɪriəsli / || / ˈsɪəriəsli/
Youth /juːθ/ a teenage boy - used especially in newspapers to show disapproval:
a gang of youths
Sur‧ly/ ˈsɜːli/- bad-tempered and unfriendly [= sullen]:
a surly teenager
Jan‧i‧tor [countable] especially American English someone whose job is to look after a school or other large building [= caretaker British English]
I get angry if they don’t keep to high standards.
suspicious /səˈspɪʃəs/
Interviewer – interviewee
Get down to something
Phrasal verb
To start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy:
It's time we got down to work.
We need to get down to some serious talking.
Trip up
Phrasal verb
1 to make a mistake, or to force someone to make a mistake by tricking them:
On his latest album, Kowalski trips up attempting more modern songs.
Trip somebody ↔ up
An attempt to trip up the Prime Minister on policy issues
Read up on something
Phrasal verb
To read a lot about something because you will need to know about it:
You'll enjoy travelling more if you read up on the history of the countries you'll be visiting.
If someone DRIES UP, they stop talking:
'It was -' She dried up again.

Turn something ↔ up
To find something by searching for it thoroughly:
The police investigation hasn't turned up any new evidence.
Come across somebody/something
To meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance:
I came across an old diary in her desk.
I've never come across anyone quite like her before.
if someone comes across in a particular way, they seem to have particular qualities [= come over]
Come across as
He comes across as a very intelligent, sensitive man.
She sometimes comes across as being rather arrogant.
I don't think I came across very well (=seemed to have good qualities) in the interview.
Sort yourself out/get yourself sorted out (=deal with all your problems)
I'm staying with a friend until I manage to sort myself out.