p.130-131
Would rather
If you would rather do something, you would
prefer to do that thing.
I'd much rather go out
for a meal than stay in and watch TV.
Wish (that) – if only
To want a situation
that is different from the one that exists
I wish that / if only I
didn't have to go to work. (Same subject)
I wish he would leave. (Different subject)
I wish I had been there. (Regret)
What if...?
Used to ask about
something that could happen in the future, especially something bad
What if I don't pass my
exams?
Suppose/supposing (that)
Used to introduce an
idea for someone to consider
Suppose he phones
tonight. What should I say?
Heimlich maneuver
Choking
P. 132-133
Whim [countable]
a sudden feeling that
you would like to do or have something, especially when there is no important
or good reason
on a whim
I didn't leave just on
a whim (=for no good reason).
trust [transitive]
1
people
to believe that someone
is honest or will not do anything bad or wrong [≠ distrust, mistrust]:
I just don't trust him.
trust somebody to do something
Can they be trusted to
look after the house?
I didn't trust myself
not to say something rude, so I just kept quiet.
trust somebody completely/implicitly
He was a good driver and
I trusted him implicitly.
not trust somebody an inch/not trust somebody as far as you can throw
them (=not trust someone at
all)
serendipity
[uncountable] literary
when interesting or
valuable discoveries are made by accident [↪ luck]
intriguing
overwhelming
plausible
deliberate
imperfect
copy /ˈkɒpɪ/
Should someone ask who
told you, ...
Had I thought about
it...
...now had they
taken...
Were we to take...
...place were everyone
to think...
Should sth be unclear,
you...
p.134 /135
jerk, nod off, cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/,
catapulting/ˈkætəˌpʌlt/, uninitiated /ˈʌnɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd/, replicating.
p.138
euthanasia /ˌjuːθəˈneɪzɪə/
Abide /əˈbaɪd/ verb
Can’t abide sb/sth
To strongly dislike
someone or something
I can't abide rudeness.
Abide by sth phrasal verb
To obey a rule
Staff who refused to abide by the rules were fired.
Still /stɪl/ adjective
1 stand/stay/sit,
etc still
to stand, stay, sit,
etc without moving
Sit still so I can brush your hair.
2 PLACE A still
place is calm and quiet.
It was night and the whole village was still.
3 DRINK [ FOOD ] UK
stillness noun [ U ]
Scour /skaʊə r / verb [ T ]
1 SEARCH to
search for something very carefully, often over a large area
The police scoured the surrounding countryside for possible
clues.
2 CLEAN to clean
something by rubbing it with something rough
Thoroughly /ˈθʌrəli/ adverb
1 CAREFULLY very
carefully
Wash the spinach thoroughly before cooking.
2 VERY very, or
very much
We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.
Step back/forward/over, etc
To move somewhere by
lifting your foot and putting it down in a different place
She stepped carefully
over the dog.
educated /ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪd/ adjective
1 Someone who is
educated has learned a lot at school or university and has a good level of
knowledge.
2 an educated guess
a guess that is
probably correct because you have enough knowledge about something
See also: well-educated
Inversion:
Quite often in English,
certain expressions with a restrictive or negative meaning are placed at the
beginning of a sentence. The reason for doing so is to emphasize the point that
you want to make. It is striking, original or surprising in some way. And
whenever you make such a statement, inversion is necessary. So, it has to be:
'Only at night do bats leave their cave.'
'Only after I had returned home did I
realize that I had left my watch in Emma's bathroom.'
Inversion is also used
after the not only ... but also construction:
'Not only did we visit Cuba's capital,
Havana, (but) we also spent three days exploring the Galapagos Islands off the
coast of Ecuador.'
Inversion is also found
in expressions containing the word 'no', when placed at the beginning of the
sentence:
'Under no circumstances are you (allowed)
to walk home from school alone.'
'In no way will I agree to sharing an
office with Ben.
The same rule operates for 'seldom', 'hardly', 'scarcely',
'rarely', 'never', 'never before' and 'no sooner':
'Never before had I seen such realistic
dinosaurs as there were in the BBC television series.' (This is a reference to
a recent BBC series. If you want to know more have a look at the web site -
Walking with Dinosaurs.)
'No sooner had I arrived at the station
than the train came in.'
'Rarely do we see such brightly-coloured
birds.'
'Seldom do we walk on such green grass.'
'Scarcely had we finished lunch when the
bell rang for afternoon classes.'
Remember, you are
registering surprise, or something similar, when you do this. If it is
inappropriate to be so emphatic, you would say:
'We had scarcely finished lunch when the
bell rang for afternoon classes.'
So do I, etc
These expressions are
quite informal, Martine, and are readily used in short answers in spoken
English to express agreement with what has been said in the first statement. So
is here followed by inverted word order: auxiliary verb + subject:
Judy can run 100 m in 11 seconds. ~ So can
Henry!
I've got a blister on my big toe. ~ So have
I.
I'm going to get it seen to by the club
doctor. ~ So am I.
I like to eat really hot food on cold days
and so do all my friends.
So is occasionally
followed by normal word order in short answers to express surprised agreement:
If you don't believe me, just look out of
the window. It's snowing! ~ So it is!
You've given me tea and I asked for coffee!
~ So I have! I'm sorry.
Neither / nor would I,
etc
These expressions are
used in a similar way to So would I, etc, to express agreement with negative
statements:
I can't swim very well and neither can my
sister.
I wouldn't dream of going into the water if
the temperature is below 20° C and nor would any southerner.
inversion after
negative expressions
We can use inversion in
statements for the purpose of emphasis if we decide to start the statement with
a negative expression. Compare the following:
Under no circumstances would I wear a
mini-skirt.
I wouldn't wear a mini-skirt under any
circumstances.
In this example, the
first statement is more emphatic than the second one. We can use this approach
with a wide variety of adverbial negative expressions, although it makes them
sound rather formal. Compare the following:
At no time would he allow his team mates to
argue with the referee.
Rarely / Seldom have I seen such an
exciting game of football.
Hardly had I taken my seat before two goals
were scored.
I had to show him my press pass and only
then did he let me in.
Only when the players had changed into
smart clothes after the match were they allowed to talk to the TV reporters.
Inversion in
conditional sentences
We can use inversion in
certain types of conditional sentences when the if-clause begins with had, were
or should. Sentences with inversion sometimes sound more formal than those with
the more conventional if-construction. Compare the following:
Had he not
resigned, we would have been obliged to give him the sack.
If he had not resigned, we would have been
forced to sack him.
Were she to
find out that he was seeing some one else, she'd go berserk.
If
she were to find out that he was cheating on her, she would go mad.
Should you
decide to cancel the contract, please let me know by Friday.
If you decide to withdraw from the
agreement, please phone me by Friday.
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