Emphasis
What have you done this evening?
I’ve read a book (completed action)
I’ve been reading a book (duration)
blunt knives (knife)
wife – wives
p. 207, 2B
a)
She’s been studying…
How long have they been watching TV?
It’s (has) been raining since lunchtime.
I haven’t been living here for very long.
How long have you been learning to drive?
b)
for, haven’t seen, have you known,
I’ve worked/ I’ve been working, I’ve been cleaning.
c) We’ve known each other since we were children.
The children have been playing / have played computer
games for 2 hours.
How long has your sister had this hairstyle? / Has
your sister had that hairstyle for a long time? (How long have you been wearing
glasses? How long have you been having problems at work?)
I’ve loved her since the day we met.
My internet connection hasn’t worked / been working
since yesterday.
How long have you been waiting?
I’ve been a teacher for 3 years.
It’s been snowing since 5 this morning.
Sam hasn’t been studying/hasn’t studied enough
recently.
Have you lived / been living in London
I’ve studied English for 2 years.
(a) Action completed in the past but you don’t say
exactly when, b) action finished recently and the past or that still continues,
c) action that finished in the past, but is relevant in the present (as job
interview)
I’ve been studying English for 2 years.
I studied English for 2 years when I was 20.
The outskirts of Murcia
p. 188
adorable
/əˈdɔːrəbəl/
isle /aɪl/
island /ˈaɪlənd/
Homework: do
exercise 2a and send me an informal email (ex. 2c)
also /ˈɔːlsəʊ $ ˈɒːlsoʊ/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb
- She sings beautifully and also plays the flute and
piano.
- The system was not only complicated but also
ineffective.
Register
In written English, avoid starting a sentence
with also. Use furthermore or moreover instead, or put also before the
main verb:
Also, it costs more. → Furthermore, it costs more. |
It also costs more.
isle /aɪl/ noun [countable]
a word for an island, used in poetry or in names of
islands
- the British Isles
Say hello from me to Peter
PS (also P.S. American English) /ˌpiː ˈes/ ●●○ noun
[countable]
(postscript) a note written at the end of a letter,
adding more information → PPS
- She added a PS to say ‘hi’ to my brother.
- Best wishes, Julie. PS Maggie sends her love.
Attach> [transitive] to connect a document or file to an email so that you
can send them together → attachment
of‧ten /ˈɒfən, ˈɒftən/
Looking forward to seeing you, meeting you, hearing from
you, having you here…
Looking forward to the party, the meeting, the wedding, our
holidays…
I’ve been helping this charity for almost a year,
I’ve known since we were children.
kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn $ -dərɡɑːrtn/
noun [countable, uncountable]
1 American English> a school or class for children
aged five
2 British English> a school for children aged two
to five SYN nursery school
I’ve been using Instagram for 4 years.
I’ve been living in my house since always / all my
life.
Cover the expenses.
Earthquake
P. 32
What a relief!
challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ ●●● S2 W2 AWL
noun
1 SOMETHING DIFFICULT [countable, uncountable]
something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is
interesting
There are races in favour of some charities to help
people with problems like cancer.
Supermarkets collect food for poor people.
Music concerts, marathons, bullfights…
Earthquakes
Raise money…
Slopes
afraid /əˈfreɪd/ ●●● S1 W2 adjective
[not before noun]
1 frightened because you think that you may get hurt
or that something bad may happen SYN scared
be/feel afraid
- There’s no need to be afraid.
afraid of something
- Many children are afraid of the dark.
cockroach /ˈkɒk-rəʊtʃ $ ˈkɑːk-roʊtʃ/
(also roach American English) noun [countable]
Image of cockroacha large black or brown insect that
lives in dirty houses, especially if they are warm and there is food to eat
Disgusting
A draw
A Kayak is a long a thing boat.
disadvantaged /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd◂ $ -ˈvæn-/ ●○○
adjective
1 having social problems, such as a lack of money or
education, which make it difficult for you to succeed
- disadvantaged areas of the city
bot‧tom /ˈbɒtəm $ ˈbɑː-/ (Ass / arse > arsehole)
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