crossing /ˈkrɒsɪŋ/ noun [ C ]
1 WHERE PEOPLE CROSS a place where people can
go across a road, river, etc
2 SEA JOURNEY a journey across water
regular ferry crossings from Tenerife to Gran Canaria
3 WHERE LINES CROSS a place where roads,
railways, etc cross each other
overtake /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/ verb past tense overtook , past
participle overtaken
GO PAST [ I , T ] to go past a vehicle or person that is going
in the same direction
It's dangerous to overtake on a
bend.
set off phrasal verb
to start a journey
What time are you setting off tomorrow morning?
speed (sth) up phrasal verb
to move or happen faster, or to make something move or
happen faster
Can you try to speed up a bit please?
pick sth/sb up phrasal verb
COLLECT pick
sth/sb up phrasal verb COLLECT to collect someone who is waiting for you, or to
collect something that you have left somewhere
Can you pick me up from the airport?
I've got to pick up those books I ordered.
bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/ adjective
1 SURFACE A bumpy road or surface is not smooth
but has raised areas on it.
2 JOURNEY A bumpy journey is uncomfortable
because the vehicle moves around a lot.
3 SITUATION full of problems or sudden changes
We had a bumpy start .
I had a bit of a nightmare getting there.
AGREEING
I’m Spanish
So am I – ME TOO
I’m not Spanish
Neither am I – ME NEITHER
I have got a sister
So have I
I haven’t got a sister
Neither have I
I can dance very well
So can I
I can’t (cannot –> can not) dance very well
Neither can I
I live in Cehegín
So do I
I don’t live in Cehegín
Neither do I
brake 1 /breɪk/ noun [ C ]
Word partners for brake
apply / hit / slam on the brakes • the brakes fail
1 VEHICLE the part of a vehicle that makes it
stop or go more slowly
2 STOP PROGRESS something that stops or slows
the progress of something
High inflation has put the
brakes on economic growth.
ˈ steering ˌ wheel noun [ C ]
a wheel that you turn to control the direction of a
vehicle
tyre UK
a thick, round piece of rubber filled with air, that
fits around a wheel
It's got a flat tyre (=
tyre with no air in it).
anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ adjective
1 WORRIED worried and nervous
She's very anxious about her
exams.
hang around phrasal verb
informal
(also UK
1 to spend time somewhere, usually without doing very
much
There's nowhere for teenagers to go, so they just hang
around on street corners.
mortgage /ˈmɔːgɪdʒ/ noun [ C ]
Word partners for mortgage
get / have / pay off / take out a mortgage • a mortgage
payment
[ FINANCE ] money that you borrow to buy a home
a
monthly mortgage payment
Verbs: multi-word verbs
Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and
one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. up, over, in, down). There
are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and
phrasal-prepositional verbs.
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an
adverb particle.
The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal
verbs are around, at, away, down, in, off, on, out, over,
round, up:
Bring in, go around, look up, put away, take
off…
Meaning
Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot
easily guess from their individual parts. (The meanings are in brackets.)
The book first came out
in 1997. (was published)
The plane took off an
hour late. (flew into the air)
The lecture went on till
6.30. (continued)
It’s difficult to make out
what she’s saying. (hear/understand)
Formality
Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal
than a single word with the same meaning.
Compare
phrasal
verb
|
more
formal single word
|
We need to sort the
problem out.
|
We need to solve/resolve
the problem.
|
The team only had an hour to put
the stage up before the concert.
|
The team only had an hour to erect/construct
the stage before the concert.
|
Phrasal verbs and objects
Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the
particle may come before or after the object if the object is not a personal
pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).
Compare
(p = particle; o = object [underlined])
|
|
particle
before the object
|
particle
after the object
|
She brought [P]up
[O]three kids all alone.
|
I brought [O]my
children [P]up to be polite.
|
Do you want me to take
[P]off [O]my shoes?
|
Come in. Take [O]your
coat [P]off.
|
If the object is a personal pronoun (me, you, him,
us, etc.), we always put the pronoun before the particle:
I’ve made some copies. Would you
like me to hand them out (hand out them)?
Not: Would you like me to hand out them?
Oh, I can’t lift you
up any more. You’re too big now!
We usually put longer objects (underlined) after the
particle:
Many couples do not want to take
on the responsibility of bringing up a large family of three or four
children.
We can use some phrasal verbs without an object:
break
down
|
get
back
|
move
in/out
|
carry
on
|
go
off
|
run
away
|
drop
off
|
hang
on
|
set
off
|
eat
out
|
join
in
|
wake
up
|
The taxi broke down on
the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.
We’d better set off
before the rush-hour traffic starts.
What time did you wake up
this morning?
Prepositional verbs
Prepositional verbs have two parts: a verb and a
preposition which cannot be separated from each other:
break
into (a house)
|
get
over (an illness)
|
listen
to
|
cope with (a difficult
situation)
|
get
on
|
look
after (a child)
|
deal
with (a problem)
|
get
off
|
look
at
|
depend
on
|
go
into
|
look
for
|
do
without
|
lead
to
|
look
forward to
|
Prepositional
verbs and objects
Prepositional verbs always have an object, which comes
immediately after the preposition. The object (underlined) can be a noun
phrase, a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb:
Somebody broke into his
car and stole his radio.
I don’t like this CD. I don’t
want to listen to it any more.
Getting to the final depends
on winning the semi-final!
Some prepositional verbs take a direct object after
the verb followed by the prepositional phrase.
associate
… with
|
remind
… of
|
protect
… from
|
rob
… of
|
provide
… with
|
thank
… for
|
(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both
underlined])
Hannah reminds [DO]me of
[PO ]a girlfriend of mine.
How can we protect
[DO]children from [PO ]dangerous
material on the Internet?
I’d like to thank
[DO]everyone for [PO ]their kindness.
Prepositional
verbs or phrasal verbs?
Not all phrasal verbs need an object. Prepositional
verbs (e.g. listen to, depend on) always
have an object after the preposition:
I’ve got a great new CD. Shall
we listen to it?
Not: Shall we listen to?
With phrasal verbs the object can come before or after
the particle if the object is not a pronoun. With prepositional verbs, the
object is always immediately after the preposition.(Objects are underlined.)
Compare
Do you always look up every
new word in a dictionary?
Do you always look every
new word up in a dictionary?
|
Phrasal verb: the object can come before or after
the particle up.
|
Could you have a look at
my bag while I go and buy the tickets?
|
Prepositional verb: the object is after the
preposition.
Not:
|
Phrasal-prepositional
verbs
Phrasal-prepositional verbs have three parts: a verb,
a particle and a preposition. The particle and the preposition cannot be separated. Many of these verbs are often
used in informal contexts, and their meaning is difficult to guess from their
individual parts.
Verb
+ particle + preposition
catch
up with
|
get
on with
|
look
out for
|
come
up against
|
listen
out for
|
look
up to
|
do
away with
|
look
down on
|
put
up with
|
face
up to
|
look
forward to
|
watch
out for
|
get
away with
|
look
in on
|
Ken’s just chatting to a friend.
He’ll catch up with us in a minute. (reach, join)
Do you get on with your
neighbours? (have a good relationship with)
We look forward to
meeting you on the 22nd. (anticipate with
pleasure)
See also:
Phrasal-prepositional
verbs and objects
The object (underlined below) always comes immediately
after the preposition, and not in any other position:
She was a wonderful teacher. We
all looked up to her. (respected)
Not: We all looked her up to. or We all looked up her
to.
Some phrasal-prepositional verbs also take a direct
object after the verb as well as an object of the preposition:
fix
… up with
|
put
… down to
|
put
… up to
|
let
… in on
|
take
… out on
|
(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both
underlined])
She fixed [DO]us up
with [PO ]a violin teacher. We’re really
grateful to her. (fixed us up with =
arranged for us)
We just put [DO]the
accident down to [PO ]bad luck;
there’s no other reason. (put down to
= think the cause or reason is)
Horny
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