Wednesday, December 12, 2018

ALB2 12/12/18

ˌone-night ˈstand noun [countable]   
1 informal
a) an occasion when two people have sex, but do not meet each other again.
- I’m not into one-night stands.
b) a person that you have sex with once and do not see again.

Grenade: Bruno Mars
bul‧let /ˈbʊlɪt/ 

numb /nʌm/ ●●○ adjective   
1 a part of your body that is numb is unable to feel anything, for example because you are very cold
 My fingers were so numb I could hardly write.
 The anaesthetic made his whole face go numb.

a close shave
a situation in which you only just avoid an accident or something bad SYN narrow escape
 Phew, that was a close shave.

steep /stiːp/ ●●○ S3 adjective (comparative steeper, superlative steepest)   
1 a road, hill etc that is steep slopes at a high angle

- The road became rocky and steep.

Tuesday, December 11, 2018

A2 10-11/12/18

Wife – wives
Leaf – leaves
Half – halves
Knife - knives

Where is your job?
Where do you work?

Have ≠ have got
I have 3 brothers.
I have got 3 brothers.
BUT
I have breakfast.
I have got breakfast.
I don’t have 3 brothers.
I haven’t got 3 brothers.

I haven’t 3 brothers.

I haven’t seen the film.
I haven’t read the book.
I haven’t made dinner.

Guns ’n Roses: since I don’t have you.

These people
(God) Bless you
Autumn /ˈɔːtəm $ ˈɒː-/ ●●● W3 (also fall American English) noun [countable, uncountable]   
The season between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes cooler

autumn, winter, spring, summer
March, February, May, June, September …
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,…

Ver la tele mucho es malo.
Watching TV a lot is bad.

I love watching TV after dinner.
I love reading adventure books.

p. 24 correct homework
p. 25 listening

V + ING
Love, like, enjoy, don’t mind, dislike, hate, loathe…
I love going to the cinema.
I don’t mind eating fish.
I really dislike watching football.
I love travelling abroad.

Me too

Me neither

Monday, December 10, 2018

B2.2 10/12/18

a disaster strikes (=happens suddenly)
Congress often gives millions of dollars in foreign aid when natural disasters strike.
prevent/avert a disaster
They called for an international programme to prevent the disaster happening again.

p. 38
end /end/ ●●● S1 W1 noun   
1 LAST PART [singular] the last part of a period of time, event, activity, or story OPP beginning, start
end of
- Costs are expected to double by the end of 2012.
at the end
- What would she find at the end of her journey?
- Hooker’s death marked the end of an era.
- I played the tape from beginning to end.

in the end
after a period of time, or after everything has been done
- What did you decide in the end?


when/if push comes to shove
(also if it comes to the push British English) spoken if a situation becomes very difficult or action needs to be taken
- If push comes to shove, you can always sell the car.

Finders keepers, losers weepers
A person who finds something can keep it, and the loser has no right to it. This proverb is of dubious ethical merit.

GRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?
• Jewellery is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say:
The thieves stole all my jewellery.
✗Don’t say: The thieves stole all my jewelleries.
• Jewellery is always followed by a singular verb:
Their jewellery is very fashionable.
• When talking about one ring, necklace etc, you say a piece of jewellery or an item of jewellery:
She bought an expensive piece of jewellery.

put sb on the spot
If you put someone on the spot, you cause them embarrassment or difficulty by forcing them at that moment to answer a difficult question or make an important decision:

Mira rather put the boss on the spot by asking him when he was going to give us a pay rise.

ALB2 10/12/18

Failure. Rejection. Success: The J. K. Rowling Story 
(Using the past perfect simple and continuous)

Wednesday, December 05, 2018

B2.2 5/12/18

Correct homework, p. 35

rea‧lize (also realise British English)

p. 37 Vocabulary

On the same page
If a group of people are on the same page, they are working well together and have the same aims
 We need to get environmentalists and businesses on the same page to improve things.

Nosy, nosey /ˈnəʊzi $ ˈnoʊ-/ ●○○ adjective (comparative nosier, superlative nosiest)   
Always wanting to find out things that do not concern you, especially other people’s private affairs
 Don’t be so nosy!
 A nosy neighbour

Let the cat out of the bag
To tell someone a secret, especially without intending to
spill the beans
Informal- to tell something that someone else wanted you to keep a secret

ˈpocket ˌmoney noun [uncountable]    
1 British English a small amount of money that parents give regularly to their children, usually every week or month SYN allowance American English
- How much pocket money do you get?
2 informal a small amount of extra money that you earn in order to spend it on things you want
- I give a few private lessons too, for pocket money.


Homework: p. 38. (grammar)

p. 39
debt /det/
oughtn’t /ˈɔːtnt $ ˈɒː-/   
the short form of ‘ought not’
- You oughtn’t to drive if you’re tired.

OUGHT TO is used when we want to express an objective truth.
In other words, ‘what is necessary, and cannot be avoided’
That’s why we usually use OUGHT TO when we are talking about laws, duties and regulations.
-They ought to follow the school’s policy, or they will get expelled.
-According to this road sign, they ought to stop here.

had better
a) used to give advice about what someone should do, or to say what you should do or need to do
 I’d better go and get ready.
 I think you’d better ask Jo first.
 You had better not tell Oliver (=it is not a good idea).
b) used to threaten someone
 You’d better keep your mouth shut about this.
► In speech, people usually shorten had to ’d, and may not pronounce it at all. But do not leave out had or ’d in writing: You’d better (NOT You better) come here!


See AULA VIRTUAL for more tips on GIVING ADVICE.

ALB2 5/12/18

GRAMMAR: Patterns with angry
Angry with
• You say that someone is angry with another person:
My parents were very angry with me.
✗Don’t say: My parents were angry to me.
Angry about
• You say that someone is angry about something:
I was really angry about what had happened.
Angry at
• You can say that someone is angry at someone, or angry at something:
Please don’t get angry at me.
I was really angry at what had happened.

Hide something/somebody from somebody He was accused of trying to hide evidence from the police.

Under lock and key
a) Kept safely in a box, cupboard etc that is locked
 Dad keeps all his liquor under lock and key.

How about telling her to ask for permission the next time you use it?


Ear plugs

Tuesday, December 04, 2018

A2 3-4/11/18

I work / exercise / study / read <-a lot.="" o:p="">
We buy a lot of -> apples / sugar / bananas / technology / books…

An umbrella
BUT
A uniform /ˈjuːnəfɔːm/ 

p. 23
Frequency adverbs:
They normally go between the subject and the verb.
-Susana (S) never plays (V) football.
-Antonio (S) always drives (V) to work.
With the verb to be they go after the verb.
-Julia is (to be) always busy.
Some can be at the beginning or the end of the sentence.
Sometimes Mirtha goes shopping.
Usually Paco goes to work in his motorbike.

I never go shopping on Saturday.
I don’t go shopping on Saturday.
I don’t never go shopping.<-it a="" double="" negation="" o:p="" s="">

Identify

Whose - > possession
Whose car is this? Whose is this car?

Bless you (God bless you)
Going to
Will - won’t
I’ll – I won’t
Would - wouldn’t
I’d – I wouldn’t
I like tea
I’d (<-would a="" cup="" like="" o:p="" of="" tea.="">

p. 24

Do you – does he / she (pronunciation)

★ FINAL PREPOSITIONS IN QUESTIONS ★
(1) When a question word is the object of a preposition, the preposition usually comes at the end of the clause, especially in an informal style. That is why we often put a preposition (WITH, AT, FOR, etc.) at the end of a question with WHO...? or WHAT...?, especially in spoken English.
Examples:
a. Who did you go WITH? (more natural than "With whom did you go?")
b. Who is that letter FOR?
c. What are you looking AT?
d. What is she talking ABOUT?

(2) We also ask questions with Where ... FROM? and Where ... TO?
Examples:
a. Where do you come FROM? (or Where are you FROM?)
b. Where will I send this letter TO?

(3) In conversation, we often ask short questions with Who / What / Where + preposition.
Examples:
A: I'm going camping.
B: Who WITH?
A: Peter wants to talk to you.
B: To me? What ABOUT?

(4) Prepositions also come at the end of clauses in indirect WH-questions and WHAT-clauses which are not "real" questions.
Please tell them what you are looking FOR.

★ MORE GENERAL EXAMPLES ★
-- What are you looking FOR?
-- Who did Anne send the money TO?
-- Where is your wife FROM?
-- What's your book ABOUT?
-- Who are you in love WITH now?
-- What are you all waiting FOR?
-- Who did you give your cell number TO?

Who are you talking to/with?
I’m talking to/with you
Talk to/with me

E‧gypt /ˈiːdʒɪpt/

Equipment for shopping centres

bus‧y /ˈbɪzi/ ●●● S1 W2 adjective (comparative busier, superlative  busiest)    
1 PERSON if you are busy, you are working hard and have a lot of things to do 
She’s busy now – can you phone later?

Homework: vocabulary, p. 24, ex 1 and 2.

frnssn@gmail.com

thenakedeye-fran.blogspot.com

Monday, December 03, 2018

B2.2 3/12/18

p. 30
Manage to do something 
I finally managed to push the huge animal away.
ac‧com‧plish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ $ əˈkɑːm-, əˈkʌm-/ ●○○verb [transitive]    to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard SYN achieve 
We have accomplished all we set out to do.
p. 34
In for a penny, in for a pound.
easy peasy lemon squeezy
Easy as ABC / pie
That’s a piece of cake

snap /snæp/
roll your eyes->
to move your eyes upwards as a way of showing that you are annoyed or bored after someone has done or said something.

Homework: grammar, p. 35

Past habit – used to/would/past simple


When we talk about things that happened in the past but don’t happen anymore we can do it in different ways.

Used to
  • We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
  • There didn’t use to be a petrol station there. When was it built?
We can use ‘used to’ to talk about past states ….
  • I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
  • I used to smoke but I gave up a few years ago.
… or we can use ‘used to’ to talk about repeated past actions

Remember that ‘used to’ is only for past states/actions that don’t happen now – we can’t use it for things that still happen now. Also, ‘used to + infinitive’ should not be confused with ‘be/get used to + ‘ing’ form’ – this is covered in a separate section.

Would
  • Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride.
  • My teachers would always say “Sit down and shut up!”
We can use ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.

Often either ‘would’ or ‘used to’ is possible.
Both of these sentences are possible.
  • Every Saturday, I would go on a long bike ride.
  • Every Saturday I used to go on a long bike ride.
However, only ‘used to’ is possible when we talk about past states.
  • We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
  • We would live in New York when I was a kid.
Past simple
  • We went/used to go/would go to the same beach every summer.
We can use the past simple in the same way as ‘used to’ and ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.
  • I had/used to have a dog called Charlie.
We can also use the past simple for past states.
  • I went to Egypt every summer when I was a child.
However, if something happened only once we can’t use ‘used to’ or ‘would’ – we must use the past simple.

Do your best and forget the rest.
Do your best and let God do the rest.

Do good and no harm shall come to you.

ALB2 3/12/18

Adaptable
Capable of fitting a particular situation or use.
-When Connie's parents divorced, she proved herself to be adaptable. It wasn't easy, but she learned how to cope with this big change.
-People who are adaptable can overcome change easily.
cope1 /kəʊp $ koʊp/ ●●○ S3 W3 verb [intransitive]   1 to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation Sometimes I find it hard to cope. 
He coped quite well as manager while still captaining the team.
cope with She feared she wouldn’t be able to cope with two new babies.
Adventurous
Willing to undertake new and daring enterprises
-People who are adventurous seek out the fun in life. They love to try something new--sometimes an act that others would find scary.
seek somebody/something ↔ out
phrasal verb
to try to find someone or something, especially when this is difficult 
Our mission is to seek out the enemy and destroy them.
-Adventurous people love to travel and try new foods at a restaurant.
Affectionate
Having or displaying warmth or affection
-If you like to snuggle up next to someone, then you are affectionate.
snug‧gle /ˈsnʌɡəl/ verb [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] informal    to settle into a warm comfortable position
snuggle up/down/against etc 
She snuggled up in Lea's lap to listen to the story.
Ambitious
Having a strong desire for success or achievement
-Ambitious people try to get ahead in life--they look for opportunities to better their life.
-For the most part, this has a positive feeling, but in some people, ambition is too strong and they hurt people along the way to get what they want.
Amiable /ˈeɪmiəbəl/
Diffusing warmth and friendliness
-Amiable people are affable.
-They are kind, warm and friendly.
Compassionate
Showing or having sympathy for another's suffering
-Someone who is compassionate feels a strong sense of sadness when they see others who are suffering.
-A compassionate person always tries to do something to help ease the suffering.
-You would find a compassionate person helping out in a homeless shelter.
ATE endings: pronunciation
Considerate
Showing concern for the rights and feelings of others. A considerate person looks out for other people.
-They often allow someone else to have the last piece of pie or they hold the door open for another person.
Courageous
Able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching. A courageous person is brave. They are the type of person to run into a burning building.
-They are also likely to get involved to stop a bullying situation.
Courteous/ˈkɜːtiəs/
Characterized by politeness and gracious good manners
-Courteous people say, "Please," "Thank you" and "No, thanks."
-Their manners are present because they are nice toward other people.
Diligent
Characterized by care and perseverance in carrying out tasks
-Diligent people work hard until a job is done.
-They take great care in doing things right. They don't give up.
Empathetic
Showing ready comprehension of others' states
-Someone who is empathetic is able to understand people better because they see things from the other person's perspective.
-When it comes to working with children it is important to be empathetic.
Exuberant/ɪɡˈzjuːbərənt/
Unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings
-An exuberant person is full of joy and has a lot of energy to show it.
Frank
-Characterized by directness in manner or speech
-Someone who is frank "tells it like it is." It might not be pretty, but they will tell you straight.
Generous
Willing to give and share unstintingly
-A generous person shares what they have willingly.
-It might be a cupcake or their time--either way, they're happy to share.
Gregarious
Temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others
-Gregarious people are fun to be around and they like being around other people.
-They are the "life of the party."
Impartial
Free from undue bias or preconceived opinions
Impartial people are fair. They are able to remain neutral before forming an opinion.
-Lawyers like to have impartial people on juries so that they can fairly weight the evidence.
Intuitive
Obtained through instinctive knowledge
An intuitive person operates by instinct. They sort of have a special feel for a situation.
-The best basketball players are intuitive when it comes to finding the open teammate.
-A lot of teaching is intuitive--the best teachers just know how to present things so that kids understand. (Related words: intuition and intuitively).
Inventive
Marked by independence and creativity in thought or action
-Since the band's drummer did not show up for the concert, they got inventive--they asked members of the audience to come up and clap and play tambourines.
-Inventive people are able to find creative, ingenious solutions to problems. They might be able to repair a car with a paper clip.
Benjamin Franklin: "Necessity is the mother of invention."
Passionate
Having or expressing strong emotions
-Passionate people have a real love for something in their life. They embrace this or many activities with a strong feeling.
-What are you passionate about?
Persistent
Stubbornly unyielding
Persistent people never give up. Even when the odds are stacked against them, the work tirelessly until the goal is achieved.
Philosophical
Meeting trouble with level-headed detachment
People who are philosophical often wonder, "In the grand scheme of things, is it worth it?"
-Philosophical people tend to look at the larger picture of life and stay above trivial situations.
-When teaching it is important to remain philosophical about a student's success. A teacher has a large part to play in a student's success, but ultimately I cannot "make" him learn. Actually learning something is up to him.
Practical
Guided by experience and observation rather than theory
People who are practical look at things is a reasonable, level-headed way.
-They are likely to take a coat with them in case it is cold--they know they can take it off if it is too hot--they're just practical.
Rational
Having its source in or being guided by the intellect
Rational people are practical. They make rational decisions based on their logical reasoning about a situation. They don't base decisions on emotions.
Reliable
Worthy of trust
Someone who is reliable is trust worthy and dependable. You can "count on" a reliable person.
Resourceful
Adroit or imaginative
A resourceful person uses creativity and the things around them to tackle a problem. They see solutions (sometimes obvious ones) that others don't see.
Sensible
Able to feel or perceive
A sensible person is a clear thinking, reasonable person.
Sincere
Open and genuine; not deceitful
A sincere person is honest in their feelings toward others. (Antonym: insincerely).
Sympathetic
Expressing compassion or friendly fellow feelings
You are sympathetic when you feel sorry for someone else. You send a sympathy card when a friend loses a loved one because you want her to know that you feel sorry for her loss.
-Their loss upsets you because you are sympathetic.
Unassuming
Not arrogant
An unassuming person is awesome but does not go around bragging about it. In fact, she might not even know that she's so awesome. A girl might be a great artist, but is unassuming about her skill.
Witty
Combining clever conception and facetious expression
Someone who is witty combines humor with intelligence. A witty observation is funny but also sophisticated. You need to be smart to understand a witty person's jokes.


in somebody’s shoesin someone else’s situation, especially a bad one I wouldn’t like to be in his shoes when his wife finds out what happened.

I’d like it was easier for me to….


Homework: Look for someone you look up to and explain why with the adjectives.