Homework: p. 153, grammar reference (-ing or to inf.)
gadget /ˈgædʒɪt/ noun [ C ]
a small piece of equipment that does a particular job,
especially a new type
a
kitchen gadget
Techno-geek [countable] informal
Someone whose main interest is electronic equipment,
especially equipment connected with computers and the Internet, and who spends
too much time buying this equipment and using it - often used to show
disapproval:
Techno-geeks on the hunt for new
tools
Itchy scratchy
run off something (=use something for power)
It runs off batteries.
one-way [usually before noun]
1 a one-way street is one in which vehicles are only
allowed to travel in one direction:
the town's one-way system
do without (sb/sth) phrasal verb
to manage without having someone or something
Jack's the kind of player we can't do without.
Shortcut ( also UK
ˌ short ˈ cut ) /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ noun [ C ]
1 QUICK a quicker and more direct way of
getting somewhere or doing something
I took a shortcut through
the car park.
2 COMPUTER [ COMPUTING ] In computing, a
shortcut is a quick way to start or use a computer program.
a shortcut key
toll road [countable]
a road that you pay to use
WORD FOCUS: road
a big road:
main road, highway, motorway British
English, freeway American English, expressway, turnpike American English, interstate
American English, A-road British
English
a road in a town:
street, avenue, boulevard
a road in the countryside: country road, lane, track
a road you pay to use:
toll road
parts of a road:
fast lane, slow lane, hard shoulder
British English/shoulder American
English, central reservation British
English/median strip American English,
pavement British English/sidewalk American English
rinse 1 /rɪns/ verb [ T ]
to wash something in clean water in order to remove
dirt or soap
Rinse the beans with cold water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_sY2rjxq6M&feature=kp
Verbs followed by
‘ing’ or by ‘to + infinitive’
When one verb is followed by another, the second verb
can either be an infinitive or an –ing form. Some verbs can be
followed by only an infinitive, others by only an –ing form and
some by both but with a change in meaning. To know which structure to use, you
can consult a good dictionary but here are some common examples.
Verb
+ infinitive
- I want to speak to the manager.
- She’s learning to ride a horse.
- He offered to help us wash up.
‘Want’, ’learn’ and ‘offer’ are
followed by to + infinitive
Other verbs in this group include: afford, agree, ask, choose, decide,
expect, hope, prepare, promise, pretend,
refuse, would like.
Verb + ‘ing’ form
- I enjoy
travelling.
- He admitted stealing the necklace.
- I don’t mind waiting if you’re busy.
‘enjoy’ ‘admit’ and ‘mind’ are
followed by the ‘ing’ form
Other verbs in this group include: avoid, consider, dislike, feel
like, finish, give up, can’t help,
practise, suggest.
Verb + infinitive or ‘ing’ form with no change in meaning
A few verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or the ‘ing’
form and the meaning does not change.
- I started to work here in 1994.
- I started working here in 1994.
The meaning of these two sentences is the same.
There aren’t many verbs that can take an infinitive or an ‘ing’
form with no change in meaning. ‘Begin’ and ‘continue’
are two more examples.
There is also a group of verbs that can be followed by an infinitive or
an ‘ing’ form with a change in meaning.
Remember:
Remember + ___ing
1. I remember telling her about the bowling.
2. I remember hitting the car, but after that I don't
know what happened.
In this case, 'remember' means that you have the
memory of that action or event. You know it happened because you can now
remember it.
Remember + to ___
3. I remembered to turn off the lights when I left the
room.
4. Remember to bring your passport with you.
In this case, remember means that you do not forget to
do something.
Try:
Try + ___ing
1. Try using a heavier bowling ball.
2. If you want to lose weight, try doing more
exercise.
In this case, we use try when we suggest a way to
achieve something. For example, there are many ways you can lose weight...
Try doing more exercise
Try changing your diet
Try eating less
All of these suggestions are good ways to achieve your
goal; they are all ways to lose weight.
Try + to ___
3. I tried to open the window but it was impossible.
4. I am trying to hit the pins, but I keep missing
them.
In this case, try means that we attempted to do
something, but we failed to do it. We made an unsuccessful attempt to do
something.
Forget:
Forget + ___ing
1. I've forgotten telling you that it is my birthday
today.
2. He's forgotten promising to send you the pictures.
In this case, forget means that you did the action,
but now you cannot remember that you did it. So, in sentence 2, he promised to
send you the pictures, but he still hasn't sent them to you. Why? Because he has
forgotten about his promise.
Note: For this meaning, we often use a 'that clause',
rather than the '___ing' form. For example:
I've forgotten that I told you that it is my birthday
today.
He's forgotten that he promised to send you the
pictures.
Forget + to ___
3. I forgot to telephone the bank before I went on
holiday.
4. She's forgotten to bring her passport. We can't go
on holiday now!
In this case, forget means you didn't do something.
Regret:
Regret + ___ing
1. She regrets leaving her last boyfriend. She still
loves him.
2. I regret changing my job. I don't like my new one.
In this case, regret means that you did something in
the past, and now you feel sad that you did it.
Regret + to ___
3. We regret to tell you that your flight has been
cancelled.
4. I regret to say that you have not passed your exam
and that you must now leave the university.
In this case, regret means that, right now, you are
sorry to give bad news to someone.
