Homework: read the notes at the end of the entry about “Short
answers (also echo questions) and question tags” and do ex.6 p. 115. + writing
p.124( but you choose the topic)
grove /ɡrəʊv/
Re‧nowned
Known and admired by a lot of people, especially for a special skill,
achievement, or quality [= famous]
Flea market [countable]
A market where old or used goods are sold
.. Strollers, carry cots, car seats, buggies - For Babies –
Sick to death of something (spoken)
Extremely bored with something: We are sick to death of the
constant talk of a baseball strike.
Convertible car
Hacer sus necesidades (euf) to relieve oneself (euph)
…
Interested in
We would like to know how many rooms the house has
As you told me…
Are there beaches near the house?
Interested in going to Spain
Is it near the coast?
We have 2 houses
Near the Grand Canyon
A very interesting place to know
3 bedrooms
You can swim
Air conditioning
How far is it from the beach?
Famous
fa‧cil‧i‧ty plural facilities
1
Facilities
[Plural] rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a
particular purpose:
All rooms have private facilities (=private
bathroom and toilet).
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The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.
Toilet facilities
Childcare facilities
References
4 or 5 years ago
Information about the house
How many rooms does the house have?
I’d like to know how many rooms the house has.
There is air conditioning.
That you are going to enjoy…
You can ride a horse
Wolves
I’d like a different…
Nobody disturbs you.
This house has…
To move there.
It depends. If you…
The reason for calling…
We have seen
3 bathrooms
Culture/ ˈkʌltʃə(r)/
When would you like to exchange..?
By then…
It’s very near
Be extra careful
Let them…
- This is Valerie from Spain
(In a phone conversation), may I talk to…
- Pepe speaking./It’s me.
If you want to know + / extra information.
At midday
In July
Your advert on the internet…
On the same page
We would like to know when we can go to your house
Even videogames
…
Use of I wish / if only:
There are three distinct types of “I wish / if only” sentences:
1. Wish, wanting
change for the present or future with the simple past.
2. Regret with the
past perfect.
3.
Complaints with would + verb.
Expressing
a wish:
Form:
Example:
If only I knew how to use a computer. (I don’t know how
to use a computer and I would like to learn how to use it)
Use:
- To express a
wish in the present or in the future.
- The simple
past here is an unreal past.
- When you use
the verb to be the form is “were”.
Example:
I wish I were a millionaire!
Expressing
regret:
Form:
Example:
If only I had woken up early. (I didn’t wake up early
and I missed my bus.)
Use:
- To express a regret.
- The action is past.
Complaining:
Form:
|
I wish / if only + would + verb
|
Example:
I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time (I'm annoyed because you
always come late and I want you to arrive on time)
Use:
- To complain
about a behaviour that you disapprove.
- Expressing
impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a present action.
I wish, If only.
Wishes
about the present
We
use wish with past Tense forms (simple and continuous) to express regret about present situations:
- I wish I was
taller = (I’m not very tall)
- I wish I was
going with you = (but I'm not)
I wish you were
more help. = (you are not) I wish I were can replace I wish I was.
To many people, I
wish I were sounds more correct:
I wish I were
taller.
We
use wish with could to express a wish for a present situation to be different:
I wish I could use a computer well.
(wrong→) I wish I
would tell her about it.
I wish I could
tell her about it.
Past Simple: I
wish I knew the answer. (= I don’t know)
Past Simple: I
wish I was /were better at sports. (= I'm not)
Past Continuous: I
wish I was /were going with you. (= I'm not)
Could: I wish I
could give you an answer. (= I can't)
Would: I wish you
would be quiet. (= Your talking irritates me.)
Past Perfect: I
wish I had known you then. (= but I didn't)
Could have: I wish
I could have explained. (= I wasn't able to)
Wishes
about the future
We use wish with
would to say how we would like somebody to behave in the future:
(Wrong →) I wish
you to stop talking.
(right→) I wish
you would stop talking.
(Wrong →) I wish
that they will stop arguing.
(right→) I wish
they would stop arguing.
• We can also use
this pattern in situations that do not involve people:
I wish this car
would go faster.
Wishes
about the past
We use wish with
the Past Perfect when we have
Regrets about the
past:
I wish I hadn't
taken your advice. (= but I did)
I wish she could
have come. (= but she didn't)
If only
“If only” can be
more emphatic than “I wish”. The verb forms after if only are the same as the
patterns with wish:
If only I had more
money! (= but I haven't)
If only I was
going on holiday with you!
If only you were
here. (= but you re not)
If only the sun
would come out!
If only you could
be here! (= but you're not)
If only I'd
listened to you! (=but I didn't )
If only he could
have explained! (=but he wasn't able to)
…
Wish / if only
Similarly we can use wish and if only + past
simple to express a wish for something to be different than it actually
is:
If only I could lose some weight. Then I'd be able to wear this dress.
If only I had more free time. I'm sure I'd be less stressed and more
cheerful.
I wish I were younger. I'd love to be able to play tennis like Roger
Federer.
I wish you could drive. Then I wouldn't need to be your personal
chauffeur.
Note that we also use wish and if only with
the past perfect to express a
regret about the past, a wish that something might have been different:
I wish I'd had more children. Then I wouldn't be so lonely now.
I wish you'd told me you felt lonely. You could've spent the summer with
me.
Note that the shortened forms of I'd had and you'd
told in the above examples are abbreviations of the past
perfect:
I wish I had had more children. Then I wouldn't be so lonely now.
I wish you had told me you felt lonely. You could've spent the summer
with me.
…
Short answers and question tags
Short answers
We normally answer with no if we are confirming negative questions and
yes if we are in agreement with affirmative questions:
~I'm not coming to the youth club tonight.
~ Aren't you?
~ No, I'm not.
~I won't be moving in with Jane after all.
~ Won't you?
~ No, I won't.
~I'm really enjoying myself here.
~ Are you?
~ Yes, I certainly am.
~I'll write to you as soon as I get there.
~ Will you?
~ Yes, I will. I promise.
The purpose of short questions like these is to
check the accuracy of the information that has been given, perhaps because we
are surprised by it or have some doubts about it.
Note that we do not repeat all the information. The normal short
question/short answer pattern is typically auxiliary verb + subject plus any
additional words needed for emphasis:
~I don't like any type of seafood.
~ Don't you?
~ No, I really don't.
~I wouldn't ever wear such short skirts.
~ Wouldn't you?
~ No, I never would.
~I'm going to sack all the staff and close the unit.
~ Are you really?
~ Yes, I am.
Also note that contracted forms are normal in negative short questions
and answers, but cannot be used in the affirmative where stressed,
non-contracted forms are needed.
Expressing
disbelief
Note that to express disbelief we sometimes use a longer response and
repeat everything we have heard. By using a rising intonation at the end, we
'echo' the information back and turn it into a question:
~ I'm going to sack all the staff and close the unit.
~ You're going to sack all the staff and close the unit?
~ That's what I intend to do, yes.
~ He broke his collarbone on purpose to get out of playing rugby.
~ He broke his collarbone on purpose to get out of playing rugby?
~ That's what he did!
Question tags
We also often use question tags to check information or to request
agreement. With a positive statement we normally use a negative question tag.
With a negative statement, we always use a positive tag.
If the main sentence contains an auxiliary verb or the non-auxiliary verb
“be”, this is repeated in the question tag. If the main sentence has no
auxiliary, the question tag is formed with do or did:
It's not very warm today, is it?
It's quite cold today, isn't it?
This beer hasn't been properly chilled, has it?
This beer's been out of the fridge too long, hasn't it?
She must've known the meeting had been postponed, mustn't she?
You like Kevin a lot, don't you?
But you're not too keen on Brian, are you?
He used to play for Arsenal, didn't he?
But he never played for England,
did he?
Replying to
question tags
If you are confirming a positive statement, you say yes. If you are
disagreeing with a positive statement, you say no. In other words, it is the
main sentence that you are responding to, not so much the tag:
~ She must've known the meeting had been postponed, mustn't she?
~ Yes, she must've. I wrote to her myself.
~ You've completed the assignments I gave you last week, haven't you?
~ No, not yet. I'm sorry. I haven't.
Similarly, if you want to confirm a negative statement, you say no and if
you want to disagree with a negative statement, you say yes.
~ You didn't know that Wendy married Brian after all, did you?
~ No, I didn't.
~ You didn't ever complete your MA, did you?
~ Yes, I did. I completed it when I was in India.
QUESTION TAGS
Las 'question tags' son un tipo de preguntas que
hacemos para solicitar una confirmación de la persona con la que hablas.
- Vives en Gran Canaria, ¿no?
¿A
QUÉ NOS REFERIMOS?
Las 'question tags' son pequeñas preguntas que se
utilizan al final de una frase. Las utilizamos para solicitar una confirmación
o para saber si algo es cierto o no.
Vives en Gran Canaria, ¿no?
Do you live in Gran Canaria, don't you?
¿CÓMO
SE FORMAN?
Para formar las 'question tags' necesitamos el verbo
auxiliar o el verbo modal de la frase principal. Debemos tener en cuenta que el
auxiliar o el modal que utilicemos dependerá de lo que usemos en la frase
principal.
AFIRMATIVA:
Cuando la frase principal es afirmativa debemos poner la 'question tag'
en forma negativa.
Ellos fueron al parque, ¿no?
They went to the park, didn’t they?
* En este caso la frase está en Pasado Simple, por
lo que la 'question tag' también debe estar en ese tiempo.
NEGATIVA:
Cuando la frase principal es negativa debemos poner la 'question tag' en
afirmativa.
Ellos no fueron al parque, ¿no?
They didn’t go to the park, did they?
* Recuerda que cuando la frase principal tenga una
palabra con sentido negativo consideraremos la frase como negativa.
Ellos nunca van al parque, ¿no?
They never go to the park, do they?
¿QUÉ
DEBO RECORDAR?
Lo importante que debemos tener en cuenta es lo
siguiente:
·
Recuerda que cuando la frase está en Presente Simple, la 'question tag'
sería con 'do/does'. Si es el verbo 'to be' utilizamos la forma correspondiente
del verbo 'to be'.
· Cuando la frase principal está en Pasado
Simple, utilizaremos el auxiliar 'did'.
· Si
utilizamos los modales, pondremos el modal utilizado (I.e. She can't speak
English, can she?)
ECHO QUESTIONS
PARA
QUÉ SIRVE?
Las
'echo questions' son un tipo de preguntas que hacemos los hablantes para
mostrar sorpresa o para expresar un deseo de saber más información. Vemos un
ejemplo que nos ayude a entenderlo.
- Estoy
muy feliz hoy
- ¿sí?
Como ya
hemos dicho nos referimos a un tipo de preguntas que, en conversación, hacemos
los hablantes para intentar recabar más información.
En la
explicación utilizaremos dos frases; la principal, que es la que dice el primer
hablante, y la 'echo question', que es la pregunta que formula el segundo
hablante.
Para
formar este tipo de preguntas tenemos que utilizar un auxiliar y un pronombre
personal. Veamos una frase principal y la 'echo question' correspondiente.
- Ella
está muy feliz hoy.
- She is really happy today.
- ¿sí?
- Is
she?
Recuerda
que el auxiliar que utilicemos debe ser el mismo que utilizaríamos para formar
una pregunta normalmente. Además, no importa si la frase es negativa. En ese
caso respetamos esa característica en la 'echo question'.
- No me
gustó el coche azul.
- I didn’t like the blue car.
- ¿Sí?
- Didn't
you?
Si
utilizamos un modal debemos utilizarlo también en la 'echo question'.
- Yo sé hablar inglés.
- I can speak English.
- ¿Sí?
- Can
you?
Lo
importante que debemos tener en cuenta es lo siguiente:
· Recuerda
que este tipo de preguntas no tienen una equivalencia exacta
en español. Simplemente recuerda que se utiliza para pedir más información.
· Es
importante notar que el verbo modal o auxiliar que utilicemos
debe coincidir con el utilizado en la frase principal.
· Recuerda
que las 'Question
Tags' son similares, pero se usan de otra forma (I.e. You like
apples, don't you?)
He was lying on the bed
smoking a cigarette.
