28-2-2011

NO‧TICE /'nəʊtɪs/ if you notice something or someone, you realize that they exist, especially because you can see, hear, or feel them:
He noticed a woman in a black dress sitting across from him.
REA‧LIZE also realise British English [transitive not usually in progressive] /'ri:əlaɪz/
1 understand
to know and understand something, or suddenly begin to understand it
realize (that)
I suddenly realized that the boy was crying.
Do you realize you're an hour late?
RISE /raɪz/go upwards
to go upwards [≠ fall]:
The floodwaters began to rise again.
RAISE /reɪz/ [transitive]move higher
to move or lift something to a higher position, place, or level:
Can you raise the torch so I can see?
William raised his hat and smiled at her.
Raise your hand if you know the right answer.

di‧scuss [transitive]
1 to talk about something with another person or a group in order to exchange ideas or decide something:
ar‧gue /'ɑ:gju:/ [intransitive] to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way:
We could hear the neighbours arguing.
PRE‧VENT /prɪ'vent/ [transitive]
to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something:
The rules are intended to prevent accidents.
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow's game.
We were prevented from entering the site.

a‧void /ə'vɔɪd/ [transitive]
1 to prevent something bad from happening:
Road safety is taught to young children to avoid road accidents.
It is important to take measures to avoid the risk of fire.
avoid doing something
The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.
Alan narrowly avoided an accident.
2 to stay away from someone or something, or not use something:
Everyone seemed to be avoiding Nick.
The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.
EX‧PECT /ɪk'spekt/ [transitive] to think that something will happen because it seems likely or has been planned
expect to do something
I expect to be back within a week.
The company expects to complete work in April.
expect somebody/something to do something
Emergency repairs were expected to take three weeks.
I didn't expect him to stay so long.
HOPE /həʊp/ [intransitive and transitive]
1 to want something to happen or be true and to believe that it is possible or likely
hope (that)
We hope that more women will decide to join the course.
matter2 S1 W3
1 [intransitive not in progressive] to be important, especially to be important to you, or to have an effect on what happens
it doesn't etc matter if
Will it matter if I'm a little late?
If I have to stay late at work tonight, it won't matter because we can go out another night.
CARE2 S1 W3 [intransitive and transitive]
1 to think that something is important, so that you are interested in it, worried about it etc
If you DO NOT MIND what someone does or what happens, you do not have a strong opinion about it:
'Do you want to go out now or later?' 'I don't really mind.'

STEAL past tense stole past participle stolen
1 take something
[intransitive and transitive]SCC to take something that belongs to someone else:
Boys broke into a shop and stole £45 in cash.
steal /sti:l/ from
He stole money from his parents.
steal something from somebody
He'd stolen the flowers from our garden.
ROB past tense and past participle robbed, present participle robbing [transitive]
1 to steal money or property from a person, bank etc [↪ steal, burgle]:
They killed four policemen while robbing a bank.
A 77-year-old woman was robbed at knifepoint.
seem [linking verb, not in progressive]
1 to appear to exist or be true, or to have a particular quality:
Ann didn't seem very sure.
It seems a foolish decision now.
LOOK appearance
[linking verb] to have a particular appearance:
How do I look?
look tired/happy/sad etc
You look tired. You should go to bed.
P. 58. EX. 4
HEATED ARGUMENT
EASIER SAID THAN DONE
DO HIS SHARE
TURN INTO AN ARGUMENT
HAVE ANOTHER LOOK AT THE WAY WE…
THE PERSON IN THE WRONG
BEING UNREASONABLE
KEEP THINGS UNDER CONTROL
RAISE YOUR VOICE
CALMLY
STICK TO THE POINT
BRING UP OLD ARGUMENTS
CALL TIME OUT
FELL LESS TENSE AND ANGRY
A GOODNIGHT SLEEP
DEAL WITH CONFLICT
LEARN TO ARGUE PROPERLY
ARGUE CLEANLY AND FAIRLY
…
REACH AN AGREEMENT
STICK TO THE POINT
…
TO ADD INSULT TO INJURY

Read in English

http://www.youkioske.com/

9-2-11

p.151
A)
Grateful /'greɪtfəl/
Relieved /rɪ'li:vd/
Disappointed /dɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/
Homesick
Lonely
Nervous /'nɜ:vəs/
Glad - Pleased
Offended
B)
Devastated
Delighted /dɪ'laɪtɪd/
Exhausted /ɪg'zɔ:stɪd/
Thrilled /θrɪld/
Terrified /'terɪfaɪd/
Furious /'fjʊəriəs/
Astonished /ə'stɒnɪʃt/
Desperate /'despərət/
Miserable
2)
Fed up
Terrified
Very happy
Sad, depressed /dɪ'prest/
Exhausted
Very surprised /sə'praɪzd/
p.139
A)
He must have read…
She might have had…
They can’t have got lost…
You can’t have seen her…
He might not have heard you…
She must have bought…
He can’t have been…
They might not have received…
Participle /'pɑ:tɪsɪpəl/
B)
Should have learnt
Should have saved it
Shouldn’t have gone
Shouldn’t have invited
Shouldn’t have bought
Should have gone
I don’t think you should have driven so fast

7-2-11

Cockpit: the area in a plane, small boat, or racing car where the pilot or driver sits
FIRE EXTINGUISHER [countable]a metal container with water or chemicals in it, used for stopping small fires.
...
p.54
If the school caught fire, I would try to go out ASAP/eɪ.sæp/ (hypothetical situation).
If I had been in that situation, I would have felt scared (unreal situation).
were
would have got out
had got off
wouldn’t pay
…
would /wʊd/ good /gʊd/
yellow /'jeləʊ/ gesture /'dʒestʃə(r)/
…
God Save the Queen
hypothetical /'haɪpə'θetɪkəl/
continuous /kən'tɪnjuəs/
p. 139, 4A
A)
Would have bought
Had gone
Would lend
Found
Hadn’t driven
Lived
Wouldn’t have died
Would’ve heard
Had known
Was/were
B)
He wouldn’t have been…
She wouldn’t sleep badly…
Would have reached…
She had had…
There wasn’t so much…
He would get the…
…
…walk /wɔ:k// work /wɜ:k//
roughly /'rʌfli/: not exactly [= about, approximately]
HIKE: to take a long walk in the mountains or countryside
HITCH‧HIKE also hitch: to travel to places by getting free rides from drivers of passing cars
ar‧gue: to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way:
We could hear the neighbours arguing.
*synonyms: fight, quarrel, have a row British English
-to argue about unimportant things: squabble, bicker, quibble
-to stop arguing: bury the hatchet, settle your differences, make your peace with somebody, make it up (used about friends or lovers)




First I was afraid, I was petrified
kept thinking I could never live without you
by my side
But then I spent so many nights
thinking in how you did me wrong
and I grew strong
and I learned how to get along

And so you're back from outer space
I just walked in to find you here with that sad
look upon your face
I should have changed that stupid lock
I should have made you leave your key
If I'd had known for just one second
you'd be back to bother me

Oh now go, walk out the door
Just turn around now
cause you're not welcome anymore
Weren't you the one who tried
to hurt me with goodbye?
Did you think I'd crumble?
Did you think I'd lay down and die?

Oh no not I
I will survive
Oh as long as I know how to love
I know I'll stay alive
I've got all my life to live
and I've got all my love to give
and I'll survive, I will survive hey hey

It took all the strength I had
not to fall apart
Just trying hard to mend the pieces
of my broken heart

And I spent oh so many nights
just feeling sorry for myself
I used to cry
but now I hold my head up high
And you see in me, somebody new
I'm not that chained up little person
still in love with you
And so you felt like dropping in
and just expect me to be free
but now I'm saving all my loving
for someone who's loving me

Oh now go, walk out the door
Just turn around now
cause you're not welcome anymore
Weren't you the one who tried
to break me with goodbye?
Did you think I'd crumble?
Did you think I'd lay down and die?

Oh no not I
I will survive
Oh as long as I know how to love
I know I'll stay alive
I've got all my life to live
and I've got all my love to give
and I'll survive
I will survive
hey, hey

La, la, la

2.2.11

used1 S1 W2
BE/GET USED TO (DOING) SOMETHING
to have experienced something so that it no longer seems surprising, difficult, strange etc:
I do the dishes every day, so I'm used to it.
I can't get used to the idea that you're grown up now.

ac‧cus‧tomed
1
BE ACCUSTOMED TO (DOING) SOMETHING
to be familiar with something and accept it as normal:
We were accustomed to working together.
become/grow/get accustomed to something
Her eyes quickly became accustomed to the dark.
FLYER
noun
fly‧er , flier [countable]
1BBA a small sheet of paper advertising something:
People were giving out flyers advertising the event.
LEAF‧LET [countable]
a small book or piece of paper advertising something or giving information on a particular subject
BRO‧CHURE [countable]
a thin book giving information or advertising something:
p.52
expert /'ekspɜ:rt /
category /'kætəgɔ:ri / ||/'kætəgəri/
obstruct /əb'strʌkt/
efficiently /ɪ'fɪʃəntli/
completely /kəm'pli:tli/
research /rɪ'sɜ:rtʃ/ , /'ri:sɜ:rtʃ / || /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
collide /kə'laɪd/
immediately /ɪ'mi:diətli/
diagram /'daɪəgræm/
check /tʃek/
paralyse, US paralyze ['pærəlaɪz]
command /kə'mænd /

31.1.11

Ex. 6 p.47
Village
Playing outside
Winter
Doing things during play
Freedom
Take risks
Have an accident
Positive
FILE 3, p.157
1d
2e
3b
4a
5c
p. 136, 3C
A)I’m not feeling
won’t be going
will be bathing
aren’t wearing
we’ll have sold
die
B)
Before
In case
Unless
When
After
If
In case
Until
p.48
THE INTERVIEW
a particular spot: [countable]place
a particular place or area, especially a pleasant place where you spend time:
Rewarding
All of a sudden
Drift- to move, change, or do something without any plan or purpose
Devise- to plan or invent a new way of doing something
Obesity
Cool
un‧wit‧ting‧ly - in a way that shows you do not know or realize something:
Friedmann had unwittingly broken the law.
Safety is paramount
To practice over and over
Scrape- a mark or slight injury caused by rubbing against a rough surface
Pick it up straight away
back‧ground - someone's family, education, previous work etc
…….
*I usually did my homework in my bedroom*
I used to do my…
*I use to watch TV at night*
I usually watch TV…
Growth
presentar una DENUNCIA contra algn to bring a lawsuit against sb;
interponer una DENUNCIA to bring a lawsuit, to file suit (AmE)



I've nothing much to offer
There's nothing much to take
I'm an absolute beginner
And I'm absolutely sane
As long as we're together
The rest can go to hell
I absolutely love you
But we're absolute beginners
With eyes completely open
But nervous all the same

CHORUS
If our love song
Could fly over mountains
Could laugh at the ocean/sail over heartaches second time
Just like the films
There's no reason
To feel all the hard times
To lay down the hard lines
It's absolutely true

Nothing much could happen
Nothing we can't shake
Oh we're absolute beginners
With nothing much at stake
As long as you're still smiling
There's nothing more I need
I absolutely love you
But we're absolute beginners
But if my love is your love
We're certain to succeed

26.1.2011

Ex. 3 p. 41
Showers, heat, mild, warm, flood, drought, humid, world.
Ex. 4 p. 41
F, F, T, F, F, T, T, T, F, F.
Ex. 3b p. 45
Likely, probably, likely, probably.
In this place we’re likely to find a telephone box
Ex. 2 p. 45
A C B B C A C
Vocabulary related:
Pedestrian, ride a motorbike, break the rules / the speed limit, drunk driving, his visibility is roughly 500 metres, country roads, highways, freeways (US) (A roads or motorways), non-fatal / minor accidents, cautious, toll road [countable] a road that you pay to use.
Grammar bank 3B
A)
‘ll be flying, ‘ll have saved, ‘ll be driving, ‘ll be having, ‘ll have paid, ‘ll have finished.
B)
Won’t be lying, will be working, will have disappeared, will have doubled, will be moving, will have grown, will have run out, will have invented, will be driving.
CONDITIONALS
Conditional 0 (zero)
Situations that are always true if something happens.
NOTE
This use is similiar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (example: When I am late, my father takes me to school.)
If I am late, my father takes me to school.
She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.
Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If he comes to town, we have dinner.
OR
We have dinner if he comes to town.
Conditional 1
Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.
NOTE
In the conditional 1 we often use unless which means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.'.
If it rains, we will stay at home.
He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.
Conditional 1 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma will verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.
OR
We will go to the movies if he finishes on time.
Conditional 2
It is used for impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation.
NOTE
The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'.
If he studied more, he would pass the exam.
I would lower taxes if I were the President.
They would buy a new house if they had more money.
Conditional 2 is formed by the use of the past simple in the if clause followed by a comma would verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If they had more money, they would buy a new house.
OR
They would buy a new house if they had more money.
Conditional 3
It concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. Used to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.
If he had known that, he would have decided differently.
Jane would have found a new job if she had stayed in Boston.
Conditional 3 is formed by the use of the past perfect in the if clause followed by a comma would have past participle in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If Alice had won the competition, life would have changed OR Life would have changed if Alice had won the competition.

p.47
Japan /dʒə'pæn/
identification /aɪ'dentəfə'keɪʃən / || /aɪdentɪfɪ'keɪʃən/
remove /rɪ'mu:v/
buggy /'bʌgi/
ceiling /'si:lɪŋ/
sandpit ['sændpɪt]
sterilize /'sterəlaɪz/
harmful /'hɑ:rmfəl / || /'hɑ:mfəl/ adjetivo ‹substance› nocivo
inflatable /ɪn'fleɪtəbəl/
sue /su:/ verbo transitivo to ~ sb (FOR sth) demandar a alguien (por algo)
definitely /'defənətli/
recent /'ri:sn̩t/
survey /'sɜ:rveɪ /
…
if you HAVE TO do something, you must do it because it is necessary or because someone makes you do it:
We don't have to rush - there's plenty of time.
I hate having to get up early in the morning.
If you earn more than £5000, you will have to pay tax.
I've got to be at the hospital at 4 o'clock.
It'll have to be on a Sunday. I'll be working every other day.
must -negative short form mustn't-
1 past tense HAD TO to have to do something because it is necessary or important, or because of a law or order [↪ have, oblige]:
All passengers must wear seat belts.
It's getting late. I really must go.
You must work hard.
We must all be patient.
Must I pay now?
For the engine to work, the green lever must be in the 'up' position.
Accidents must be reported to the safety officer.
2 used in negative sentences to say that something should not happen, because of a rule or law or because of the situation:
You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
This book must not be removed from the library.
We must never forget how much we owe to these brave men.
No one must disturb him while he's sleeping.

p.48
potholing ['pɒthəʊlɪɳ] n GB espeleología = caving /'keɪvɪŋ/
sterilize /'sterəlaɪz/
…
To be aware of something
Crane
Grúa: tow truck (AmE), breakdown van (BrE)
I THINK I’ll pass the exam – I DON’T THINK I’ll pass the exam
I see your point
Because I say so.
Redundant

24.1.2011

Ex. 7 p. 42
A)
Shall I close…
It’s going to
It will
I’m taking
Shall we have
I will lay…
Are you leaving
I will drive
There won’t be
B)
Become
Melted
Closed down
Risen
Doubled
Having
Risen
Risen
Suffering
Having


Ice cap [countable] an area of thick ice that permanently covers the North and South Poles
drought /draʊt/
climate /'klaɪmət /
pollute /pə'lu:t/
glacier /'gleɪʃər /
scientist /'saɪəntəst /
term /tɜ:rm /
habitable /'hæbətəbəl / || /'hæbɪtəbəl/
species /'spi:ʃi:z/
moderate /'mɑ:dərət / || /'mɒdərət/
CARBON DIOXIDE (emissions) /daɪ'ɒksaɪd/CO2 [uncountable] the gas produced when animals breathe out, when carbon is burned in air, or when animal or vegetable substances decay.
OZONE LAYER [singular] a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth: the hole in the ozone layer
RENEWABLE ENERGY replaces itself naturally, or is easily replaced because there is a large supply of it:
-renewable energy such as solar power
-an industry based on renewable resources
WORD FOCUS: environment WORD FOCUS: environment
GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT: environmentally friendly, eco-friendly, sustainable/sə'steɪnəbəl/, recyclable, biodegradable/'baɪəʊdɪ'greɪdəbəl/, renewable/rɪ'nu:əbəl/, organic
PEOPLE WHO WANT TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT: greens, eco-warriors
THINGS THAT CAUSE HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT: pollution, greenhouse gases/gæs/, global warming, acid /'æsɪd/, rain, deforestation, environment/ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /, placa de energía solar: solar cell

Worried about
A bride’s maid
Dilemma /daɪ’lema/
Travel over land
An epic journey
Give sb a holiday
Wood fire
Appliance /ə'plaɪəns/
25 degrees Celsius
Household chores
chore /tʃɔ:r / || /tʃɔ:(r)/ sustantivo (routine task) tarea f; (tedious task) lata f (fam) household chore
Ex. 3 p. 45
Risks
Decisions
Seriously
After
Easy
Notice
Care
Time
Advantage
Part
Up
Place
Ex. 4, p. 46
A)
If I like
Won’t go
It gets
Won’t have to
I have
I hear
B)
1f
2j
3i
4b
5g
6c
7a
8d
9e
10h

weather

p. 41, ex. 5 - modifiers
as,bitterly,so,too,very COLD
REALLY, INCREDIBLY, VERY windy
really BOILING
ABSOLUTELY terrified

More on collocations and weather

+ chilly cool faint fresh gentle (s)light strong (breeze)
+ cool electric heavy (shower)
+ distant (thunder)
+ light (rain)
+ chill cold icy ill offshore prevailing (wind)
+ big electrical fierce freak great terrible violent (storm)
-----
weather
good weather: sunny/fine used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of sunshine
nice/lovely/glorious very sunny and good
bright if the weather is bright, the sun shines strongly
there isn't a cloud in the sky the sky is completely clear
dry if the weather is dry, it does not rain
fair sunny and not windy or rainy - used especially in weather forecasts
rain: wet/rainy/damp used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of rain
unsettled if the weather is unsettled, it keeps changing and it often rains
drizzle light rain which consists of very small drops of water
shower a short period of rain
downpour a short period when it suddenly rains very heavily
it's pouring down British English/it's pouring rain American English it is raining very hard
it's drizzling it is raining a little, with very small drops of rain
snow: snowy used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of snow
sleet a mixture of snow and rain
slush a mixture of partly melted snow and ice
hail/hailstones frozen drops of rain, that fall as drops of ice
blizzard a storm with a lot of snow and strong wind
frost white powder that covers the ground when it is cold
wind: windy used to describe a day or weather when there is a lot of wind
blustery very windy
breeze a gentle pleasant wind
hurricane (in the Atlantic Ocean) /typhoon (in the Pacific Ocean) a violent storm with extremely strong winds
cloudy: cloudy used to describe weather or a day when there are a lot of clouds in the sky
grey/dull cloudy and not bright
overcast if the sky is overcast, it is very cloudy and dark, and it is likely to rain
hazy not clear, especially because there is a slight mist caused by heat or smoke
hot: boiling/scorching/sizzling/blazing/burning/baking/broiling (hot) extremely hot
sweltering very hot and humid
warm a little hot, in a way that is pleasant
balmy pleasantly warm, with a gentle wind blowing
heatwave a period of unusually hot weather
cold: freezing (cold) extremely cold
arctic extremely cold, usually with a lot of ice and snow
wintry cold and snowy or rainy, like the weather in winter
crisp if the air is crisp, it feels cold but pleasantly fresh and clear
chilly a little too cold, in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
cool a little cold, in a way that is pleasant
cold snap/cold spell a period of unusually cold weather

19-1-2011

Blackmail/'blækmeɪl/
bribe /braɪb/
burglary /'bɜ:rgləri /
receipt /rɪ'si:t/

p.149
1)
7a
9b
6c
10 d
3e
4f
12g
15h
1i
11j
5k
2l
13m
14n
8o
2)
Investigated
Caught
Arrested
Questioned
Charged
Court
Witnesses
Jury
Evidence [uncountable]SCL information that is given in a court of law in order to prove that someone is guilty or not guilty:
Murrow's evidence was enough to convict Hayes of murder.
He refused to give evidence at the trial.
evidence against
There was very little evidence against the two men.

Verdict
Guilty
Judge
Punishment
Sentenced
Not guilty
Proof
Acquitted/ə'kwɪtɪd/
…
Elderly
flood /flʌd/
slow down
I was caught by surprise by very thick fog
Way too difficult
Will: Usamos will para hablar sobre:
- Decisiones en el momento de hablar:
"The window is open. I will close it."
- Predicciones generales:
"It will rain next week."
"You won´ t like it here."
Affirmative:
I/He/She/It/We.. Will Learn = ( I/He/She/..+ will+ infinitivo)
Negative:
I/He/She/It/We.. Won´t Learn
Questions:
Will I/He/She/It/We.. Learn?
Going to: Usamos going to para hablar sobre:
- Intenciones futuras o planes cuando las decisiones ya han sido
echas. "I´ m going to get a job next year."
- Predicciones cuando hay evidencias que puedes ver ahora.
"Listen to wind! There´ s going to be a storm."
Affirmative:
I am going to swim
He/she/it is going to swim
We/you/they are going to swim
Negative:
I am not going to swim
He/she/it isn´t going to swim
We/you/they aren´t going to swim
Questions:
Am I going to swim?
Is He/she/it going to swim?
Are We/you/they going to swim?
Future continuous: Usamos future continuous:
- Para hablar de algo en proceso en un cercano periodo de
tiempo en el futuro.
" What will you be doing on Saturday evening? "
" They will be playing football tomorrow afternoon."
Affirmative:
I/he/she/it/We... will be listening = ( I/he/she/it/We..+ will be + verb -ing.)
Negative:
I/he/she/it/We... won´t be listening
Questions:
Will I/he/she/it/We... be listening?
Future Perfect: Usamos future perfect BECAUSEE!!:
- Para hablar de algo que será completado en un cercano
perido de tiempo en el futuro.
"I´ll have finished this letter soon."
"By the time I´m 30 I´ll have travelled the world."
"They will have had their car for 2 years next month."
Affirmative:
I/He/she/it/We... will have understood.
Negative:
I/he/she/it/We... won´t have understood.
Questions:
Will I/He/she/it/We... have understood?

For a laugh

12.11.2011

Thumbkin
Pointer
Tall men
Ring men
Pinkie

TRAVELLING (Useful sentences)
They showed me round.
They had my opinion into account.
They were very respectful.
I still keep in touch with the friends I met there through Facebook.
My birthday was getting closer and I had plans.
I missed my friends.
Going to London was a dream come true for me.
This reminds me of my childhood.
They spoiled your trip because they lost your luggage.
A garment that’s very dear to you.
…
p.38.
is believed to be
(he) is said to be
IT’s thought THAT he has robbed
is reported to be
p.40
Fulfiled (AmE)/fulfilled(BE)
Committed
Accused
Offended
Arrested
Condemned
What I’ve done to deserve this?
You’re tired?
cranberry /'kræn,beri /
awesome /'ɔ:səm/
hurricane /'hɜ:rəkeɪn /
blown /bləʊn/
sweat /swet/
daughter /'dɔ:tə(r) /
thaw /θɔ:/
chaos /'keɪɑ:s / || /'keɪɒs/
citrus /'sɪtrəs/
though /ðəʊ/
thought /θɔ:t/ food for thought
tough /tʌf/
taught /tɔ:t/
WEATHER:
temperature /'temprətʃər / || /'temprətʃə(r)/
cool: low in temperature, but not cold, often in a way that feels pleasant:
chill‧y : chilly weather or places are cold enough to make you feel uncomfortable
Freezing: extremely cold
gale [countable] a very strong wind:
gust [countable] sudden strong movement of wind, air, rain etc
soaked /səʊkt/
SHOWERS (rain)a short period of rain or snow:
More heavy showers are forecast for tonight.
A shower of rain

The weather forecast:
New York:
Cloudy. A chance of snow early this morning. Brisk with highs in the lower 30s. Northwest winds 15 to 20 mph with gusts up to 30 mph. Chance of snow 40 percent.
Sydney:
Scattered showers. There is a 30% chance of precipitation. Cloudy. Mild. Temperature of 25°C. Winds NE 22km/h. Humidity will be 79% with a dewpoint of 21° and feels-like temperature of 25°C.
Murcia:
Mostly sunny. Mild. Temperature of 18°C. Winds NNW 27km/h. Humidity will be 60% with a dewpoint of 11° and feels-like temperature of 18°C.
Moscow:
Light snow. There is a 40% chance of precipitation. Cloudy. Cold. Temperature of -2°C. Winds SSW 18km/h. Humidity will be 82% with a dewpoint of -5° and feels-like temperature of -9°C.
Sao Paulo:
Rain. There is a 90% chance of precipitation. Cloudy. Mild, Humid. Temperature of 26°C. Winds NW 12km/h. Humidity will be 77% with a dewpoint of 22° and feels-like temperature of 26°C.
Hi - Hi! We're your Weather Girls - Ah-huh -
And have we got news for you - You better listen!
Get ready, all you lonely girls
and leave those umbrellas at home. - Alright! -

IT'S RAINING MEN! (Song)
Humidity is rising - Barometer's getting low
According to all sources, the street's the place to go
Cause tonight for the first time
Just about half-past ten
For the first time in history
It's gonna start raining men.

It's Raining Men! Hallelujah! - It's Raining Men! Amen!
I'm gonna go out to run and let myself get
Absolutely soaking wet!
It's Raining Men! Hallelujah!
It's Raining Men! Every Specimen!
Tall, blonde, dark and lean
Rough and tough and strong and mean

God bless Mother Nature, she's a single woman too
She took off to heaven and she did what she had to do
She taught every angel to rearrange the sky
So that each and every woman could find her perfect guy
It's Raining Men! Hallelujah! - It's Raining Men! Amen!
It's Raining Men! Hallelujah!
It's Raining Men! Ame---------nnnn!

I feel stormy weather / Moving in about to begin
Hear the thunder / Don't you lose your head
Rip off the roof and stay in bed

God bless Mother Nature, she's a single woman too
She took off to heaven and she did what she had to do
She taught every angel to rearrange the sky
So that each and every woman could find her perfect guy
It's Raining Men! Yeah!

Humidity is rising - Barometer's getting low
According to all sources, the street's the place to go
Cause tonight for the first time
Just about half-past ten
For the first time in history
It's gonna start raining men.

It's Raining Men! Hallelujah! - It's Raining Men! Amen!
It's Raining Men! Hallelujah! - It's Raining Men!

Sunny

Sunny, yesterday my life was filled with rain
Sunny, you smiled at me and really eased the pain
Oh, the dark days are done
The bright days are here
My sunny one shines so sincere
Sunny one so true
I love you

Sunny, thank you for that sunshine bouquet
Sunny, thank you for the love you brought my way
You gave to me your all and all
Now I feel ten feet tall
Sunny one so true
I love you

Sunny, thank you for the truth you let me see
Sunny, thank you for the facts from A to Z
My life was torn like windblown sand
And then a rock was formed when we held hands
Sunny one so true
I love you

Sunny, thank for that smile upon your face
Sunny, thank you for that gleam that flows with grace
You're my spark of nature's fire
You're my sweet complete desire
Sunny one so true
I love you

Sunny, yesterday my life was filled with rain
Sunny, you smiled at me and really eased the pain
The dark days are done
The bright days are here
My sunny one shines so sincere
Sunny one so true
Sunny one so true
Sunny one so true
I love you

Protest March

Today I can't make it to the protest march. I'm at work (unlike our politicians want people to believe). But I can teach them some English: Hey guys, say hello to Mr. Tall Man from me. Who's Mr Tall Man?: http://www.sesamestreet.org/game_player/-/pgpv/gameplayer/0/5b5512e1-486d-11dd-bf7b-df62be721a24/toddler_where_is_thumbkin_

10.1.2011

hypnotic /hɪp'nɑ:tɪk /
hypnotize /'hɪpnətaɪz/
cashier /kæ'ʃɪr / || /kæ'ʃiə(r)/
automatic teller machine- banca: cajero automático
cashpoint- sustantivo (BrE) cajero m automático or permanente;
REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION
alleged /ə'ledʒd/
/ə'restɪd/
/'sentənst/
/sə'spendɪd/
/ə'fendɪd/
/kə'mɪtɪd/
/ə'kju:zd/
/'ɔ:də(r)d/
/fʊl'fɪld/
/'pʌnɪʃt/
/ə'bændənd/
/'vændḷaɪzd/
NOT VERBS
cramped /kræmpt/

p.137
A)
The road was closed…
My handbag has been stolen…
My house is being painted…
The meeting will be hold…
They were fined for…
You can be arrested…
M. thinks she was being followed…
The house had been sold…
B)
It’s believed that the burglar…/ The burglar is believed to be a…
It’s said that the muggers…/ The muggers are said to be…
It’s thought that the robber entered…/ The robber is thought to have entered…
It’s said that the murderer has…/ The murderer is said to have dis…
It’s expected that the trial will last…/ The trial is expected to last…

Are you?/ Can’t they?/Do we?/Is she?/ Don’t you?/ Haven’t they? / Will you? / are we? / Has she? / Has he? / Should I? / Won’t he? / does he? / doesn’t she? /is he? / Do you? / Can you? / Am I not? / will she? / Did we? / does she?

The Passive Voice

The Passive Voice

The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action.

* The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past Particple
The house was built in 1989.
* It is often used in business when the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action.
For Example:
We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years. Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
* If the agent is important (the person, company or thing that does the action, use "by"
For Example: Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987. Changes to:"The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
* Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice.

Passive Voice Structure
Present Simple
They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne.
Present Continuous
Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan
Past Simple
James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces.
Past Continuous
They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived.
Present Perfect
They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years.
Going to
They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland.
Future Simple
I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow.

REMEMBER:
We use the active form to say what the subject does. For example:
* I speak English every day at work.
* I repaired the flat tire on the car.
We use the passive form to say what happens to people and things, to say what is done to them. For example:
* English is spoken here.
* The car is being repaired.
We use the passive form when we don't know who did the action. For example:
* The car was damaged while it was parked on the street.
* The shirts were made in Turkey.
We use the passive form when what was done is more important than who did it. For example:
* It was approved by Gerry last week.
* I was informed by the Human Resources Manager only two days ago.

IT IS SAID THAT... o HE IS SAID TO...

Estas expresiones confunden habitualmente a los hispano-parlantes. En realidad, se trata de estructuras pasivas que utilizan los ingleses para expresar "Se dice que..."

La siguiente situación te ayudará a comprender este tema gramatical:

Marcelo is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is.
(Marcelo es muy anciano. Nadie conoce con exactitud la edad que tiene)
It is said that he is 105 years old.
He is said to be 105 years old.
(Se dice que él tiene 105 años)

Si analizas un poco verás que las dos oraciones significan:
People say that Marcelo is 105 years old.
(La gente dice que Marcelo tiene 105 años)

Ambas estructuras son semejantes en inglés y se traducen del mismo modo al español. Sin embargo, los ingleses cuentan con dos alternativas para expresar la misma idea. La primera alternativa se inicia con IT IS pero la segunda alternativa debe comenzar con el SUJETO (la persona o cosa "afectada" por la acción del verbo).

La misma estructura con otros verbos

Puedes utilizar estas estructuras con muchos otros verbos, siempre en participio pasado. Por ejemplo: it is thought (se piensa), it is believed (se cree), it is considered (se considera), it is reported (se informa), it is known (se sabe), it is expected (se espera), it is alleged (se alega), etc.

Monica works very hard.
Mónica trabaja duro)
It is thought that she works 16 hours a day.
She is thought to work 16 hours a day.
Se piensa que trabaja 16 horas por día) [¿Trabajará en OM Personal?]

The police are looking for a missing girl.
(La policía está buscando a una chica extraviada)
It is believed that the girl is wearing a pink sweater.
The girl is believed to be wearing a pink sweater.
(Se cree que la chica lleva un jersey de color rosado)

OM First Certificate course started today.
(El curso OM First Certificate comenzó hoy)
It is expected that it will be visited by many subscribers.
The OM FCE course is expected to be visited by many subscribers.
(Se espera que el curso OM First Certificate sea visitado por muchos suscriptores)

Estas estructuras se usan comúnmente en las noticias:

It is reported that two people were injured in the fire this morning.
Two people are reported to have been injured in the fire this morning.
(Se informa que dos personas sufrieron heridas en el incendio esta mañana)


TO HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
Have something done y get something done son ambos usados para referirse a acciones que son hechas PARA el sujeto . La acción del verbo es hecha por otra persona para el sujeto. Ejemplos:
* Have something done
I don’t know how to repair cars, so I’m having mine repaired at the garage. (No se como reparar el coche, por lo que me lo estan reparando en el garage.
* Get something done
Get your hair cut! ( Cortate el pelo )
Si dices I cut my hair estas diciendo que te lo cortaste tú. Si fuiste a la peluquería, se dice, I Get / have my hair cut.
NOTA ( Diferencia entre have y get )
Have es un poco mas formal que get, y get es mas frecuente que have para imperativos.

* También se usan para hechos que le ocurren a una persona, pero que están fuera de su control.
-After being late for work every day for two weeks, Billy had his pay reduced. ( Después de llegar tarde todos los días durante 2 semanas, le redujeron el sueldo a Billy)
-I stood so close to the fire that I got my legs burnt. ( Permanecí tan cerca del fuego que se me quemaron las piernas)

20.12.2010

I saw three films IN A ROW
types of advertisement:
COMMERCIAL on TV or radio
POSTER on a wall, often with a picture on it
JUNK MAIL unwanted letters in the post, advertising things
FLYER a sheet of paper with an advertisement on it, given to you in the street or pushed through your door
THE BLURB a piece of writing on the back of a book, which talks about the good things in it
THE CLASSIFIED ADS also the small ads British English short advertisements in a newspaper, in which people offer things for sale
advertisement /'ædvər'taɪzmənt / ||/əd'vɜ:tɪsmənt/
the personal ads/the lonely hearts (ads) newspaper advertisements in which people say they want to meet someone for romance
AMIDST
em‧brace1
1 [intransitive and transitive] to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way [= hug]:
Show sb how to do sth.
He won’t wait for you to leave a door open.
WAGON /'wægən/ sustantivo
1. (drawn by animals) carro m;
SIREN /'saɪrən/
ABSOLUTELY /'æbsə'lu:tli/: completely and in every way
VAL‧U‧A‧BLE /'væljuəbəl/
1 worth a lot of money [≠ worthless]
BARK at: The dog always barks at strangers.
SAFE [countable] a strong metal box or cupboard with special locks where you keep money and valuable things
DE‧TER‧RENT [countable] A dog is more of a deterrent than ...
1 something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results: The small fines for this type of crime do not act as much of a deterrent.
The easiest thing to do is to get the TV and run.
It’s good to prevent sb from getting into the house.
/Caught/ =/court/
JEWEL /'dʒu:əl/
Fagin /'feigən/
Shoot a film
Thief /θi:f/
Interviewer – interviewee
Personal belongings
Beware of the dog
Police /pə'li:s/
SPREE [countable]
DL a short period of time when you do a lot of one activity, especially spending money or drinking alcohol
Hypnosis /hɪp'nəʊsəs / || /hɪp'nəʊsɪs/
Hypnotize /'hɪpnətaɪz/
Hypnotist /'hɪpnətəst/

p.38
A)
stole
was caught
was mugged
discovered
took
was met
found
informed
arrested
...
being interrogated
ordered
is called
to be held
belonged
be sent
support

15.12.2010

Because the way he feels
wrin‧kle [countable] wrinkles are lines on your face and skin that you get when you are old: Her face was a mass of wrinkles.
sym‧pa‧thy plural sympathies
1 [plural,uncountable] the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation
sympathy for: I have a lot of sympathy for her; she had to bring up the children on her own.
I was getting tired of all her negative remarks.
fed up informal- annoyed or bored, and wanting something to change:
She felt tired and a bit fed up.
fed up with
I'm really fed up with this constant rain.
Anna got fed up with waiting.
faint [intransitive] to suddenly become unconscious for a short time [= pass out]:

skill [uncountable and countable] an ability to do something well, especially because you have learned and practised it [↪ talent]:
A sweet tooth
howl1
1 HBA [intransitive] if a dog, wolf, or other animal howls, it makes a long loud sound [↪ bark]:
The dogs howled all night.
2 [intransitive] to make a long loud cry because you are unhappy, angry, or in pain, or because you are amused or excited:
Upstairs, one of the twins began to howl (=cry).

Mini-sagas NI2

Revenge is sweet

I live in a flat and I´ve been extremely lucky to live on the same floor AS the noisiest family IN the whole neighbourhood. They wake up my daughter every night, at about ten, except last week when, unfortunately, they had to leave us because of their wiring stoppING working inexplicably.

Gloria

' Bob, the antique dealer '

'He sold strange things such as unknown machines, an electric chair... although he didn't know how they worked.

Tired of his unhappy life, he sat on a plugged wooden chair with metal pieces. It could be a relax chair, so he switched it on, finally something worked in his life.'

MªJosé Cano

I’m a jinx. This morning I couldn’t wake up early because the alarm clock didn’t work. I spilt the coffee, lost the key of my car and the mobile didn’t have coverage to call a taxi so, I missed my flight to New York. I’ll never forget this 11th of September.

Noemi Gonzalvez


Learning everywhere.

I´ve just learnt how to drive. Since I´m very bold, I went shopping with my mum´s car to a shopping centre with two friends.I didn´t remember about the lights so when I came back after 3 hours,the car didn´t want to run/work. Luckily, the mechanic was very polite and helped us.

Almudena Vicente Dolera

A wonderful work

This is hard to believe, but when Linda woke up, her dreams had come true.

Her parents told her: “ We are going to go to Haiti to help other people in our next holidays”
This is the kind of experience she had always wanted.

paco moreno

Business are business
A businessman have beautiful horses in a big farm. One day he needs money to money to open a new company to open a new company and he decides to sell all the horses. His wife, very sad, tells him: “if you sell them, you won’t see me again”. The man answers: “I’m looking forward to it”.

MARÍA JOSÉ

She saw him next to the toilet, then she fell deeply in love and went towards him. They went out of the club and left the place in a car. They were travelling until they arrived in Barcelona, where they visited the tourist places and had a good time. When they wished they went back home. Since then, they have been always together.

marco calibra

If you want to be frightened you should read this minisaga, if you don´t want to be frightened stop reading…

It´s dark outside, and cold, you are alone in an old house. On the wall there are pictures of strange people. There is a room in this old house which makes you cold when you enter it because somebody told you that in this room, long time ago, somebody died…
Suddenly...

Alicia García

Last week, I was reading my favourite book, suddenly, I saw a man who was stealing/robbing in my neighbour’s house. I didn’t know what to do, because he saw me and I became paralysed. When I drew the curtain, I called the police, however when they arrived, the thief wasn’t in that house.

Sara Guirao


"After years of fighting, the soldiers cunningly tricked their enemies to gain access to their kingdom. Once inside, they killed and burned, overcome with adrenaline and forgetting why they fought in the first place. They proved victorious, but in the end, all they won was pile of ash and bones."


Francisco Jesús Murcia

Revenge is sweet

Richard needed wood to make a chair and he cut the best tree in the garden, which was planted by his grandfather. He made the chair, but revenge is sweet…

Incredibly, when he sat down on the chair, his grandfather's soul broke it furiously and he fell on the ground.

David Molina

TWICE LUCKY

Tom was very happy. He´d won the first prize in the lottery. He ran home quickly to tell his wife the good news but, when he arrived, everything was silent. He saw a sheet of paper on the table and read it. His wife had just left him. At last! He was free.

Encarna López Fernández

Spicy girl

"One morning, Gabrielle was cooking, but accidentally she dropped the chili container into the meal. When she tasted it, it was so spicy that she nearly threw fire out of her mouth. Due to it, she lost her voice for almost a month. Have I already said that Gabrielle WAS a famous pop singer?"

Javier Garres

Bye Bye Holidays

He´d been working hard and he needed holidays .Destination: the Caribbean.He packed his bags and he set the alarm clock at 5 a.m because he had to arrive at the airport at 8 a.m. Unfortunately his alarm didn´t work .He woke up at 10 a.m. Flight lost. He´s still crying.

Pedro López Fernández

We used to go to the Old bridge because it was the place where we met. We loved GOING there at dusk. Many years later, I went to see a photography exhibition in the city, and I found a big photo of our bridge. I looked at it carefully while I remembered that time, when something in the photograph got my attention: two still tiny people resting on the bridge and looking at the SUN SET.

Julia Pagán

13-12-2010

Hit turbulence /'tɜ:rbjələns / || /'tɜ:bjʊləns/
completion /kəm'pli:ʃən/
chaos /'keɪɑ:s / || /'keɪɒs/
plus /plʌs/
participle /'pɑ:rtəsɪpəl / ||/'pɑ:tɪsɪpəl/
2B p. 135
A)
‘d been queuing
Had stolen
Had been raining / had rained
Had had
He’d changed
Had been sunbathing / had sunbathed – hadn’t put on
Had been arguing / had argued
Had fallen

B)
Got
Were checking in
Had won
Had been looking forward to
Had forgotten
Had arrived
Ran
Went
Was filling
Hurried
Caught
P.32
Single somebody/something ↔ out
Phrasal verb
To choose one person or thing from among a group because they are better, worse, more important etc than the others.
One on one interview
Customer service
Safety training
Evacuation
Water landing
Team player
Sick bags