nb2 29/5/12

Health

-        I’m not feeling _____ _____.                                      very well

-        Do you want a _____ _____ _____?                    glass of water

-        I think I need to get some _____ _____.              fresh air

-        Maybe you should just _____ _____.                   go home

-        I _____ my leg _____.                                          hurt dancing

-        I’ll be back in _____ _____.                                 five minutes

Health problems:

A headache, a backache, a toothache, a stomach ache, throw up, the flu, (have) a cold ≠ be constipated, sore throat, a cut, a broken bone…

What have you done to your leg?

If I go out for a few minutes, I’ll be OK.

Take your time.

Poor John.

Weather

Choose the right sentences and correct them:

1.       San Francisco is a nice city.                       

2.       She was there in May.                                                 March

3.       Most mornings it was freezing.                                   foggy

4.       She had fine warm clothes.                                        

…

5.       (Phoenix) His friend and he went to the dessert.

6.       It was hot and wet.                                                      dry

7.       They stayed into air conditioning buildings.

8.       It’s hotter in July.                                                        August

…

9.       Mexico was sunny during the day and rainy at night.

....

10. Toronto was cold and snowy.                      Sunny - warm

11. It didn’t rain.

A raincoat and an umbrella.

Sunny and warm.

No rain either.

Technology

Answer the questions:

What happens when you press record? The red light - strange

______ doesn’t come on + the film comes out looking ______.

How long has she had it?

______                           4 or 5 years

When was the last time she cleaned it?

______                           never

When will it be ready?

______                           later today

….

What’s the problem? (Say 2)

______  + ______                  funny noise + water comes out            

How long has she had it?

______                                   almost 4

Does this make often break down?

______                                   no

What can be the reason for that noise?

______                                   coin

It’s not working properly.

Later on today.

Load a dishwasher…

Leak

Almost 4 years

Get stuck

REPORTED SPEECH

Affirmative and negative sentences:

“Spain will recover from this crisis”

-        He said (that) Spain would recover from that crisis.

-        He told us (that) Spain would recover from that crisis.

“She doesn’t want to go on holiday next summer”

-        She said (that) she didn’t want to go on holiday the following summer.

-        She told me (that) she didn’t want to go on holiday the following summer.

Interrogative sentences:

“Will you marry me?”  (YES/NO)

- He asked (me) if I would marry him.

“Why don’t you ask her?”

- He asked him why he didn’t ask her.

Instructions:

“Sit down”

- He told me to sit down.

“Please, don’t go”

- He told me not to go.

nb2 24/5/12 (ACTUALIZADA FRASE CON ASTERISCO *)

I told that I was very tired. WRONG

I told HER/MY SISTER/HELEN that I was very tired. RIGHT

I said HER that I was very tired. WRONG

I said that I was very tired. RIGHT

(Ambos verbos significan decir en español, cuando especificamos a quién te dirigías se usa “TELL”, si no se hace se usa “SAY”.)

Reported Speed with orders / instructions:

- “Sit down”           - she told me TO sit down.

- “Don’t speak”      - she told me NOT TO speak

How to write sentences in direct speech:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."

or

"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Verb changes

Direct speech		Indirect/reported speech
Present simple  She said, "It’s cold."	›	Past simple  She said it was cold.
Present continuous  She said, "I’m teaching English online."	›	Past continuous  She said she was teaching English online.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I’ll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to  She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

Time changes

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)

Pronouns

"I teach English online."

She said she taught English online.

Write a sentence (affirmative, negative or interrogative) in the present or present continuous, or with can/will/must and a time expression.

She wants to sing at 7    -she said (that) she wanted to sing at 7/-she told us/her parents/John and Diana (that) she wanted to sing at 7.

We’ll do/take/sit our English exam next week.   -they said (that) they would do their English exam the following week.

I’m writing a letter        - he said (that) he was writing a letter.

I’m dancing salsa   - she said (that) she was dancing salsa.

I’m playing football tonight  - He said (that) he was playing football yesterday/that night.

I will do it tomorrow, now I’m eating with my parents.      - He said (that) he would do it the following day, then he was eating with his parents.

I can play the guitar very well      - He said (that) he could play the guitar very well.

I’ll travel to Italy this summer.     - She said (that) she would travel to Italy that summer

*I’m studying English at the language school.      - She said that she WAS STUDYING English at the language school

I don’t like Alfred Hitchcock’s films   - He said that he didn’t like A H’s films.

If I win the lottery, I will travel around the world. – She said that if she won the lottery, she would travel around the world.

Are you going to the cinema tonight? -She asked if I was going to the cinema that night.

Where do you go shopping?  - He asked me where I went shopping.

Will you study English with me tonight?     - She asked if I would  study English with her that night.

Am I learning English if I watch a channel in English?      - He asked himself if he was learning English if he watched a channel in English.

Will you work tonight? – She asked if you would work that night.

Can you dance with me?       - She asked if I could dance with her.

Is the flight to London delayed? (PASSIVE)       - She asked (me) if the flight to London was delayed.

When are we going to do the exam?    -He asked me/us when we were going to do the exam.

What are you doing tonight?         - She asked me what I was doing that night.

What time is it? - He asked me what time it was

How often do you go out?     - He asked me how often I went out.

How many people are coming next Saturday?     -he asked me how many people were coming the following Saturday.

PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS

1. Pronounce / t / after all voiceless consonant sounds: / f (surfed /sɜːft/, laughed /læft/ ||/lɑːft/, photographed / ˈfəʊtəɡræft/), k (parked  /pɑːkt/), p (stopped  /stɒpt/), sh  (push /pʊʃt/), ch (reached /riːtʃt/), s ( missed  /mɪst/, danced  /dænst / ||/dɑːnst/), x (mixed /mɪkst/).

2. Pronounce / d / after all voiced consonant sounds: / b, g, j, l, m, n, r, v, z / and after vowels / a, e, i, o, u /

3. Pronounce / id /  after / t / (lasted /læstɪd / ||/lɑːstɪd/) and / d / (needed /niːdɪd/).

Kangaroo

There were six of us…

It had been stolen…

My son’s identity card…

They were about to close…

To fill the report…

But he didn’t…

Papers…

Pickpockets: someone who steals things from people's pockets, especially in a crowd.

Due to some reasons they didn’t explain to us…

Tried to entertain us with games…

In Alicante airport for 2 hours…

School trip

We were on a famous island…

We waited for 2 friends

The bus driver

When we came back

We didn’t have any problem

I had to take off all the metal jewels I was wearing…

The last night we were staying there / of our trip

At that moment we didn’t worry we didn’t take the plane…

I went on a trip to Australia last year…

We had dinner at the hotel…

The woman didn’t stop taking photos…

Asked him for his mobile phone…

He didn’t realize what was happening…

Traffic jam

We decided to meet in the future…

I was lucky

And after that I could continue my trip…

The last time

I was driving

When suddenly a reindeer crossed the road…

I felt scared…

That night...

It was difficult to brake…

Horn

The first one

People from Japan smell to fish

We wanted to rent a car.

We had to pay by credit card.

We spent the money buying a mobile phone and a camera…

 Cash machine/point

I felt a bit confused at the bus station and I took a wrong bus.

ni2 23/5/12

People in need

The others

The other children

be‧tray [transitive]

1 Friends

To be disloyal to someone who trusts you so that they are harmed or upset:

He felt that she had betrayed him.

…

Scald [transitive]

To burn your skin with hot liquid or steam:

Don't scald yourself with that kettle!

Suf‧fo‧cate

1 [intransitive and transitive] to die or make someone die by preventing them from breathing:

The animal seizes its prey by the throat and suffocates it to death.

One of the puppies suffocated inside the plastic bag.

Choke

1 [intransitive] to be unable to breathe properly because something is in your throat or there is not enough air

Choke on

He choked on a piece of bread.

Six people choked to death on the fumes.

To have one's arm in a sling llevar el brazo en un cabestrillo

Feverish / ˈfiːvərɪʃ/

Thermometer /θərˈmɑːmətər / || /θəˈmɒmɪtə(r)/

Antiseptic ¹ / ˈæntɪˈseptɪk/

Swallow ¹ / ˈswɑːləʊ / ||/ ˈswɒləʊ/

Swollen ¹ / ˈswəʊlən/

Abdomen / ˈæbdəmən/

Scald ¹ /skɔːld/

Gauze /ɡɔːz/

Wound ¹ /wuːnd/an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet:

A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound.

Injury / ˈɪndʒəri/a wound or damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack

Crutch [countable]

1 [usually plural] one of a pair of long sticks that you put under your arms to help you walk when you have hurt your leg

On crutches (=use crutches)

I was on crutches for three months after the operation.

Blunt

1 not sharp or pointed [≠ sharp]:

class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034">Sharpen all your blunt knives.

A blunt pencil.

Heat stroke

In plaster

British English if you have a leg or arm in plaster, you have a plaster cast around it because a bone is broken and needs to be kept in place while it mends

There are such nice people here…

People is so nice here

SUCH

Used to emphasize your description of something or someone:

They're such nice people.

It's such a long way from here.

I felt such an idiot.

! Such comes before a(n): He's such a nice guy (NOT a such nice guy).

So

1

a) [+adjective/adverb] used to emphasize how great a feeling or quality is, or how large an amount is:

It was so embarrassing!

Why didn't you call? We were so worried.

class=pronsentence title="American English" onclick="openSoundPlayer('3/MED.pronsentence-p008-000672343.mp3', 'pronsentence', 40044, 2);" v:shapes="_x0000_i1041">I've never seen so many people here before!

Ecuadorean

Senegalese

ni2 21/5/12

Homework: Ex. 9 p.117

Question tags

I’m very nervous, aren’t I?  ← Look out!!!!!!

WISH/IF ONLY

Present wishes

Tags: present subjunctive unreal

+ SUBJECT + PAST TENSE

If only I could talk to her! = I wish I could talk to her!

Note the similarity between the subordinate clause of the second conditional and the one mentioned above. Actually, if you complete the sentences above, you will get a second conditional sentence:

If only I could talk to her, I would explain everything to her!

Grammar quotes

I wish we could put up some of the Christmas spirit in jars and open a jar of it every month. – Harlan Miller

Past wishes

Tags: past perfect subjunctive unreal

WISH/IF ONLY + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT

If only I hadn’t gone to that party! = I wish I hadn’t gone to that party! (= I regret going/having gone to that party.)

Note the similarity between the subordinate clause of the third conditional and the one mentioned above. Actually, if you complete the sentence above, you will get a third conditional sentence:

If only I hadn’t gone to that party, I wouldn’t have met him again!

WISH + WOULD

Tags: annoyance IF ONLY WISH WOULD

We use this structure when there is a chance that something may happen or somebody (but not the person who wishes) may change their (perhaps annoying) habit or behaviour.

I wish it would stop snowing.

I wish you wouldn’t keep coming to class late.

Jean wishes I would give up smoking.

…

Get away phrasal verb

1 leave    to leave a place, especially when this is not easy:

The meeting dragged on, and I didn't get away until seven.

Get away from

I like to get away from London at the weekend.

2 on holiday   informal to take a holiday away from the place you normally live:

Will you manage to get away this summer?

Get away to

We're hoping to get away to Scotland for a few days.

3 escape  to escape from someone who is chasing you or trying to catch you:

The three men got away in a stolen car.

Get away from

We knew it wouldn't be easy to get away from the police.

Get away with

The thieves got away with jewellery worth over £50,000.

Haz‧ard / ˈhæzəd/ [countable]

1 something that may be dangerous, or cause accidents or problems

Hazard to/for

class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"> Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.

Make ends meet

To have only just enough money to buy the things you need:

class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026">When Mike lost his job, we could barely make ends meet.

Earn a living (=earn enough money for the things you need to live)

I have enough trouble trying to get to the end of the month as it is.

…

I’m not blocking the traffic

Insurance

I can look for it on the internet

The number of my car->the plate

Breakdown van

Where are you now?

I don’t mind fetching you.

Are you in a hurry?

I can’t pass through the window.

Using "Had Better" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "had better" behaves in different contexts.

Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
had better  recommendation	1. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" OR "OUGHT TO"  People should unplug toasters before they clean them. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD HAVE" OR "OUGHT TO HAVE"  You should have unplugged the toaster before you tried to clean it. 3. You had better unplug the toaster before you try to clean it.	1. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" OR "OUGHT TO"  People shouldn't clean toasters without unplugging them first. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD HAVE" OR "OUGHT TO HAVE"  You shouldn't have cleaned the toaster without unplugging it first. 3. You had better not clean the toaster until you unplug it.	should,  ought to
had better  desperate hope, warning	The movie had better end soon. They had better be here before we start dinner. Desperate hopes and warnings usually refer to the near future.	They had better not be late. They had better not forget Tom's birthday gift. Desperate hopes and warnings usually refer to the near future.

"Had better" is often simply pronounced as "better" in spoken English.

REPASO DE TODO (I WISH, IF ONLY, HAD BETTER) EN 1 POWERPOINT QUE PODÉIS VER EN ESTE ENLACE:

http://digitum.um.es/xmlui/bitstream/10201/13488/9/UNIT%2023%20I%20WISH_IF%20ONLY.pdf

Ought to       oughtn’t 

1 used to say that someone should do something because it is the best or most sensible thing to do [= should]:

You really ought to quit smoking.

The company ought to be making changes in its marketing strategy.

What sort of crimes ought the police to concentrate on?

You were out enjoying yourself when you ought to have been studying.

2 used to make a suggestion about something you think is a good idea, especially in a social situation [= should]:

We ought to get together some time soon.

You ought to meet him; he's really nice.

We ought to get her some flowers for her birthday.

I ought to call Brian.

3 used to say that someone should do something or something should happen, because it is morally right or fair [= should]:

You ought to be ashamed of yourself.

The courts ought to treat black and white defendants in exactly the same way.

Many people felt that America ought not to take part in the war.

4 used to say that you think something will probably happen, is probably true etc [= should]:

He left two hours ago, so he ought to be there by now.

class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1039">They ought to win - they've trained hard enough.

' class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1040"> That ought to be enough potatoes for eight people.

New technology ought to make this easier.