NI2 24/5/18

p. 135

Ex 7

Badly

Long

Lately

Hopefully

Hardly

Really fast

First

Quite hard

Ex 9

Hardly- hard

Previously

Late

Wide

Incredibly

Easily

Slowly

Hardly feel

p. 136

ex 10

infection, allergic, irritable, curable, regular, medical, modernise, addictive

p. 138

ex 2

fell off a horse, a ladder, a bike

fell down the stairs

burned, tripped, fell off, bit, crashed into, poisoning, sunburn, fainted, slipped, stung

stomach cramp- corte de digestión

bite /baɪt/ UK  US  verbo & sustantivo

 •  verbo [transitivo/intransitivo] (pasado bit, participio bitten)

1 morder

Watch out for the dog, he bites.

Cuidado con el perro, que muerde.

I bit my tongue.

Me mordí la lengua.

Don't bite your nails.

No te comas las uñas./No te muerdas las uñas.

to bite into sth morder algo

2 picar

She was bitten by a snake.

Le picó una víbora.

 •  sustantivo

1 bocado, mordisco

to have/take a bite of sth darle un bocado a algo

2 picadura, mordedura

insect bites

picaduras de insectos

3  (informal) to have a bite (to eat) picar algo

sting /stɪŋ/ UK  US  verbo & sustantivo

 •  verbo (pasado & participio stung)

1  [transitivo] picar

Lucy was stung by a wasp.

A Lucy le picó una avispa.

2  [intransitivo] escocer

This may sting a little.

Puede que te escueza un poco.

 •  sustantivo

picadura

ˈfood ˌpoisoning UK  US  sustantivo

intoxicación [por ingestión de alimentos]

swell /swel/ UK  US  verbo & sustantivo

 •  verbo (participio swollen)

1  [intransitivo] (también swell up) hincharse, inflamarse

2  [transitivo/intransitivo] aumentar

 •  sustantivo

oleaje

p. 138

ex 4

cycling in the mounatain

cycling in a mountain – steep bent – fell on some bushes

confused – knee swollen – bruises and cuts- bleeding

a woman with a car came past to minutes after that

nothing broken / wrong with his head– stay longer – stitches – rest – not cycle for a week

hang around with somebody 

phrasal verb

to spend a lot of time with someone The people I used to hang around with were much older than me.

I bet/I’ll bet

spoken

a) used to say that you are fairly sure that something is true, something is happening etc, although you cannot prove this

 Bet you wish you’d arrived earlier.

 I bet you she won’t come.

Question tags

You don’t like football, do you?

She likes you, doesn’t she?

She’s here, isn’t she?

They aren’t tired, are they?

They can help us, can’t they?

steep /stiːp/ UK  US  adjetivo

1  empinado -a

a very steep hill

una cuesta muy empinada

Direct and Reported Speech

El estilo directo y indirecto

Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto.

Direct Speech (El estilo directo)

Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra.

Ejemplos:

“I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)

“Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,” él preguntó.)

Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)

Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris preguntó, “¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)

Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)

El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuación tienes una explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales.

A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.

Nota: Ten en cuenta también que las expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo indirecto. Fijate en los cambios de tiempo en los ejemplos más abajo y después, encontrarás una tabla con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el estilo indirecto.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
“He is American,” she said.	She said he was American.
“I am happy to see you,” Mary said.	Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?”	He asked me if I was busy that night.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
“Dan is living in San Francisco,” she said.	She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He said, “I’m making dinner.”	He told me that he was making dinner.
“Why are you working so hard?” they asked.	They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple	Past Perfect Simple
“We went to the movies last night,” he said.	He told me they had gone to the moviesthe night before.
Greg said, “I didn’t go to workyesterday.”	Greg said that he hadn’t gone to workthe day before.
“Did you buy a new car?” she asked.	She asked me if I had bought a new car.
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
“I was working late last night,” Vicki said.	Vicki told me she’d been working latethe night before.
They said, “we weren’t waiting long.”	They said that they hadn’t been waitinglong.
He asked, “were you sleeping when I called?”	He asked if I’d been sleeping when he called.
Present Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple
Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.”	Heather told me that she’d already eaten.
“We haven’t been to China,” they said.	They said they hadn’t been to China.
“Have you worked here before?” I asked.	I asked her whether she’d worked there before.
Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been studying English for two years,” he said.	He said he’d been studying English for two years.
Steve said, “we’ve been dating for over a year now.”	Steve told me that they’d been datingfor over a year.
“Have you been waiting long?” they asked.	They asked whether I’d been waitinglong.
Past Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)
“I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he said.	He said that he’d been to Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
She said, “I’d been dancing for years before the accident.”	She said she’d been dancing for years before the accident.

Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.

Ejemplos:

“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.

Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.

“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.

“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech

Homework: p. 139, ex. 8