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aes‧thet‧ic, esthetic /iːsˈθetɪk, es- $ es-/ ●○○ adjective
connected with beauty and the study of beauty
From an
esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design.
a work of great
aesthetic appeal
TELL->KNOW [intransitive,
transitive not in progressive] to know something or be able to recognize
something because of certain signs that show this
can/can’t tell
She might have
been lying. Benjy couldn’t tell.
tell (that)
The moment
Kramer walked in, I could tell that things were not going well.
tell (something) a mile off (=know easily)
You could tell
a mile off that he was lying.
tell when/how/whether/if etc
It’s hard to
tell how long the job will take.
tell something by something/from something
I could tell
from his tone of voice that Ken was disappointed.
mutter /ˈmʌtə/ UK US verbo [transitivo/intransitivo]
murmurar, farfullar
mumble /ˈmʌmbəl/ UK US verbo
1
[intransitivo] mascullar, hablar entre
dientes
2
[transitivo] decir entre dientes, mascullar
weary /ˈwɪəri/ UK US
adjetivo (-rier, -riest)
1 cansado -a
2 to be weary of sth estar cansado -a de algo
edge /edʒ/ UK US sustantivo & verbo
• sustantivo
1 borde
the edge of the bed
el borde de la cama
on the edge of town
en
las afueras de la ciudad
at
the water's edge
a/en
la orilla del agua
2
(de
una navaja) filo
3 to have the edge on/over sb
tener (una) ventaja sobre alguien
4 to be on edge estar nervioso
-a
5 to take the edge off sb's
hunger/pain calmarle el hambre/el dolor a alguien
• verbo
[transitivo/intransitivo] mover o moverse
lentamente
The car edged forward.
El coche avanzó lentamente.
He edged his chair closer to
mine.
Poco
a poco fue acercando su silla a la mía.
to
edge away (from sth/sb) alejarse lentamente (de
algo/alguien)
to edge your way along sth avanzar poco a poco por algo
I edged my way through the crowd.
Me
fui abriendo paso entre la multitud.
stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ UK US verbo [intransitivo]
tropezar
brisk /brɪsk/ UK US adjetivo
enérgico -a,
rápido -a
dart /dɑːt $ dɑːrt/ ●○○ verb
1 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to move
suddenly and quickly in a particular direction
Jill darted
forward and pulled him away from the fire.
rush /rʌʃ/ ●●● S2 W3 verb
1 MOVE QUICKLY [intransitive always +
adverb/preposition] to move very quickly, especially because you need to be
somewhere very soon SYN hurry
A small girl
rushed past her.
Mo rushed off
down the corridor.
crawl /krɔːl $ krɒːl/ ●●○ verb [intransitive]
1 crawl.jpg to move along on your hands and knees with
your body close to the ground
crawl along/across etc
The baby
crawled across the floor.
2 if an insect crawls, it moves using its legs
crawl over/up etc
There’s a bug
crawling up your leg.
3 → crawl into/out of bed
4 if a vehicle crawls, it moves forward very slowly
crawl by/along etc
The traffic was
crawling along.
drag→
INJURED LEG/FOOT [transitive] if you drag your leg,
foot etc, you cannot lift it off the ground as you walk because it is injured
a bird dragging
its broken wing
What is Descriptive Language?
Without the use of descriptive language, the world of
literature would be a mighty boring place. Descriptive language needn't be
overly flowery or wordy, but it should be thoughtfully placed to give purpose
and description to the image it is trying to create in the mind of the reader. Sometimes
descriptive language is to add a poetic touch to the text, but more often than
not it simply serves the purpose of cleverly describing a concept.
Function
You don't need to have an extensive vocabulary to
effectively use descriptive language. However, reading the descriptive language
of others will no doubt strengthen your vocabulary. Descriptive language adds
purpose, aesthetic value and emotion to a text. Instead of just saying "I
like you," descriptive language makes it possible to say things like
"I burn for you like the sun as it sits fixedly in the bright sky." Note
the metaphor, simile, adverb and adjective in that one sentence.
Identification
You can identify descriptive language by carefully
examining the context it is used in. Any time the subject, verb or object is
being modified in a descriptive fashion, it is considered descriptive language.
There are also clues within the words themselves. Adverbs generally end with
the letters "ly." While this is most often the case, there are some
words that do not follow this format. For example, the words "after,"
"often" and "seldom" are all examples of adverbs that do
not end in "ly."
Types
Some commonly seen forms of descriptive language are
adverbs, adjectives, metaphors and similes. Adverbs are descriptive words that
describe a verb. Instead of saying, for example, "The girl drank the
juice," you could instead say "The girl hurriedly drank the
juice." This adds importance and purpose to what the girl is doing, as
well as helping the reader conjure a visual of what the action might entail. Adjectives
are similar in that the describe a noun. Metaphors and similes are both methods
of making comparisons. In the case of the simile, these comparisons are made
using words like "like" or "as." For example, "He ran
the track like a fox." A metaphor would say "He was a fox on the
track."
Benefits
One of the benefits of using descriptive language is
that it helps the writer to convey the meaning behind the text. By using
descriptive language, the writer can describe exactly how a setting looks, how
a character behaves or what action is taking place. The benefit for the reader
is the ability to more clearly visualize what is being described.
Warning
There is the tendency of some writers to rely so
heavily on descriptive language that the actual meaning of the statement gets
lost. Often a writer will rely on cliches which offer no genuine purpose. It is
advisable that writers avoid the use of excessive cliches as it adds a tired
and trite use to the text.
Los 15 reporting verbs más
útiles
1) Accuse =
acusar
He accused me of not doing my homework.
Me
acusó de no haber hecho mis deberes.
2) Advise =
aconsejar
He advised me against quitting my job.
Me
aconsejó que no dejara mi trabajo.
3) Agree =
acordar
Sheila agreed to work more hours in exchange for a raise.
Sheila
acordó trabajar más horas a cambio de un aumento.
4) Announce =
anunciar
The President announced that the national deficit is increasing.
El
Presidente anunció que el déficit nacional está aumentando.
5) Assure =
asegurar
Mark assured me he would not be late.
Mark
me aseguró que no llegaría tarde.
6) Decide =
decidir
I decided that it was time to clean my room.
Decidí
que era el momento de limpiar mi habitación.
7) Deny = negar
The accused denied any participation in the crime.
El
acusado negó haber participado en el crimen.
8) Explain =
explicar
My father explained that he had no intention of going to the beach this
year.
Mi
padre explicó que no tenía ninguna intención de ir a la playa este año.
9) Insist =
insistir
She insisted on inviting me to dinner.
Ella
insistió en invitarme a cenar.
10) Offer =
ofrecer
My cousin offered to give us a ride.
Mi
primo se ofreció a llevarnos en coche.
11) Point out =
señalar
My co-worker pointed out that we would have a new project this summer.
Mi
compañera de trabajo señaló que tendríamos un proyecto nuevo este verano.
12) Promise =
prometer
My Dad promised he would quit smoking.
Mi
padre prometió que dejaría de fumar.
13) Refuse =
negarse
I refused to lend John any more money - he is always asking for
it!
Me
negué a dejarle más dinero a John, ¡siempre lo está pidiendo!
14) Suggest =
sugerir, proponer
My boyfriend suggested going out for dinner.
Mi
novio sugirió que saliéramos a cenar fuera.
15) Warn =
avisar, advertir
My boss warned me not to work too hard.
Mi
jefe me advirtió de que no trabajara demasiado.
Estructuras gramaticales para
usar reporting verbs
1) Verbo + infinitivo
They agreed to meet on Monday
2) Verbo + objeto + infinitivo
She advised me to start doing
exercise
3)
Verbo + gerundio
Mike suggested going by car
4) Verbo + objeto + preposición
She accused him of always being
late
5) Verbo + preposición +
gerundio
I insisted on having seconds -it
was delicious!
6) Verbo + that
Sarah decided that she would
study more often
p.30
succession /səkˈseʆən/ UK
US sustantivo
1
five times/three years etc in succession cinco veces seguidas/tres años
seguidos etc
3
sucesión
caption /ˈkæpʆən/ UK US sustantivo
2
leyenda
[de un comic]
3
subtítulo
[en televisión]
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