C1 8-9/5/17

burst into tears (=suddenly start crying)

She burst into tears and begged me to stay.

break down in tears (=suddenly start crying)

I broke down in tears when I read the letter.

be moved to tears (=be so upset that you cry)

Members of the audience were moved to tears by her singing.

bring tears to somebody’s eyes (=make someone cry)

This unexpected kindness brings tears to my eyes.

I could see that Sam was close to tears.

Thorny question

high blood pressure

p.124

em‧pa‧thy /ˈempəθi/ ●○○ noun [uncountable]  the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems → sympathy

empathy with/for

She had great empathy with people.—empathetic /ˌempəˈθetɪk◂/ (also empathic /emˈpəθɪk/)adjective

Sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk◂/ ●●○ adjective 

1 caring and feeling sorry about someone’s problems

 a sympathetic friend

 a sympathetic attitude

sympathetic to/towards

 I’m sympathetic to parents who are worried about what their children see on television.

Reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/ ●○○ adjective formal 

A reciprocal arrangement or relationship is one in which two people or groups do or give the same things to each other → mutual

 He spoke of the necessity for a reciprocal relationship that would be useful for all sides.

 Such treaties provide reciprocal rights and obligations.

Intimidating /ɪnˈtɪmədeɪtɪŋ/ adjective 

Making you feel worried and not confident

 Some people find interview situations very intimidating.

Appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/ ●●○ AWL noun

1 [uncountable] pleasure you feel when you realize something is good, useful, or well done

appreciation of

It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature.

2 [uncountable] a feeling of being grateful for something someone has done

Show/express your appreciation

The chairman asked me to express our appreciation of all your hard work.

He was presented with a watch in appreciation of his long service.

3 [countable, uncountable] an understanding of the importance or meaning of somethingappreciation of a realistic appreciation of the situation

Meddle /ˈmedl/ verb [intransitive] 

1 to deliberately try to influence or change a situation that does not concern you, or that you do not understand SYN interfere

meddle in

 I don’t like other people meddling in the way I run this prison.

 He accused the US of meddling in China’s internal affairs.

meddle with

 I’m not the sort of newspaper owner who meddles with editorial policy.

2 British English to touch something which you should not touch, especially in a careless way that might break it

meddle with

 You have no right to come in here meddling with my things.

—meddler noun [countable]

ˌself-ˈcentred British English, self-centered American English adjective 

Paying so much attention to yourself that you do not notice what is happening to other people SYN  selfish

specialty /ˈspeʃəlti/ noun (plural specialties) [countable] American English 

1 a type of food that a person, restaurant, or area is well known for SYN  speciality British English

 Our specialty is clam chowder.

2 a subject or job that you know a lot about or have a lot of experience of SYN  speciality British English

 Johnson’s specialty is medieval European history.

3 a particular product or business that has one purpose or sells one type of thing

 an area with clothes retailers and specialty shops

Have you got time for a game of tennis?

Give in a sociology essay

Research on

Model society

Sleeping cars and restaurant carriages for trains

Fulfil needs

Being unmaterialistic

Communal living ideal

But as far as I can see it was basically...

Rigid class structure

tenement /ˈtenəmənt/ noun [countable]  a large building divided into apartments, especially in the poorer areas of a city

building/house/block

They weren’t allowed unions

I’d love a game of tennis sometime

I suppose

Sometime, some time /ˈsʌmtaɪm/ ●●● S2 adverb 

at a time in the future or in the past, although you do not know exactly when

Sometime around/in/during etc

We’ll take a vacation sometime in September.

Our house was built sometime around 1900.

It's a long story. I'll tell you about it sometime.

social housing noun uncountable viviendas feminine plural subvencionadas, viviendas feminine plural de protección oficial (en Esp).

con‧do‧min‧i‧um /ˌkɒndəˈmɪniəm $ ˌkɑːn-/ ●●○ noun [countable] especially American English 

1 one apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people living in it

2 a building containing several of these apartments → apartment block

brew /bruː/ ●○○ verb 

1 [transitive] to make beer

Every beer on the menu was brewed locally.

2 [intransitive] if a drink of tea or coffee is brewing, the taste is getting into the hot water

He read the paper while the tea brewed.

3 [transitive] to make a drink of tea or coffee freshly brewed coffee

Be careful!!!! Question tags and echo questions are different things (Check the docs at the Moodle Platform).

ECHO QUESTIONS (Short questions used in replies)

We often reply to statements by making short questions, containing just an

auxiliary verb and a personal pronoun.

- It was an awful party.

- Was it?

- Yes, there was nobody there I know, and …

These ‘reply questions’ do not ask for information. They express interest,

concern, surprise, anger, or other reactions, depending on the intonation.

Their most common use is just to show that we are listening.

- We had a lovely holiday.

- Did you?

- Yes, we went …

- I’ve got a headache.

- Have you, dear? I’ll get you an aspirin.

In reply questions, we use the same auxiliary verb that was used in the

sentence we are answering. If there was no auxiliary verb, we use ‘do’.

- He smokes too much.

- Does he?

- Yes, he tried to give it up but …

We use negative echo questions in reply to negative statements.

- It wasn´t a very good film.

- Wasn´t it? That’s a pity!

Check for the whole pdf at the moodle platform

stut‧ter1 /ˈstʌtə $ -ər/ verb 

1 [intransitive, transitive] to speak with difficulty because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first consonant of some words → stammer

 ‘I’m D-d-david, ’ he stuttered.

carpenter's shop

p. 126

ˌHoly Comˈmunion noun [uncountable] 

The Christian ceremony in which people eat bread and drink wine as signs of Christ’s body and blood.

christening /ˈkrɪsənɪŋ/ noun [countable] 

a Christian religious ceremony at which a child is officially given a name and becomes a member of a Christian church → baptism

snorkel

ant hole/nest/colony

bait

/ˈsɪɡnəl/

Moan of the horns

An 11-hour ritual

As young as 12/ as from 12

Giant tropical bullet ants

ordeal /ɔːˈdiːl, ˈɔːdiːl $ ɔːrˈdiːl, ˈɔːrdiːl/ ●○○ noun [countable]  a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of timeordeal of She then had to go through the ordeal of giving evidence. She was forced to face the ordeal of withdrawal symptoms. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal.

As a general rule, adjectives are usually placed in this order:

opinion > size > quality > age > shape > colour > participle forms > origin > material type > purpose

The phrase a beautiful old Indian carpet follows these guidelines:

	1	4	8
	quality	age	origin	noun
a	beautiful	old	Indian	carpet

You don't have to include an example of every type of adjective, but the ones you do use should follow the order. So if you wanted to add red and green to the phrase a beautiful old Indian carpet, you would put it between old and Indian like this:

	1	4	6	8
	opinion	age	colour	origin	noun
a	beautiful	old	red and green	Indian	carpet

It sometimes helps to remember the order of adjective if you consider that adjectives whose meaning is closely, or permanently, connected to the noun are placed nearer to it in the sentence. So in this phrase: a large comfortable wooden chair – wooden has a very close connection with chair .

	2	3	10
	size	quality	material type	noun
a	large	comfortable	wooden	chair

Here are some more examples:

	3	7
	quality	participle	noun
a	new	improved	recipe

	1	3	10
	opinion	quality	type	noun
an	old-fashioned	romantic	candle-lit	dinner for two

Sometimes we can use but between adjectives, especially if their meanings seem contradictory.

	2		3
	size		quality	noun
a	small	but	tasty	meal

If we use 2 adjectives that are similar in meaning, we usually put the shorter one first: a soft, comfortable cushion.