Homework:
reading activity p. 82 and also the grammar review p.80
whup /wʌp/
(also whop) verb (past tense and past participle whupped, present participle
whupping) [transitive] informal especially American English
1 to defeat someone easily in a sport or fight
I’m gonna whup
your ass (=defeat you very easily).
2 to hit someone and hurt them very badly, especially
using something such as a belt
ex•pa•tri•ate /ɛksˈpeɪtriɪt/USA
pronunciation adj.
1. dwelling in a foreign land:The expatriate community,
mostly British and Americans, was invited to the ambassador's residence.
ar‧cher‧y /ˈɑːtʃəri $ ˈɑːr-/
cav‧al‧ry /ˈkævəlri/
Genghis Khan (/ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/, usually pronounced
/ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/was the founder and Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire,
which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. By the
end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central
Asia and China.
aim
1 /eɪm/
noun
Word partners for aim
achieve your aim • sb's/sth's main / ultimate aim
• the aim of sth • with the aim of doing sth
1 [ C ] the purpose of doing something, and what you
hope to achieve
The aim of the
film was to make people laugh.
[ + of + doing sth ] He went to Paris
2 sb's aim
someone's ability to hit an object by throwing
something or shooting at something
3 take aim
to point a weapon towards someone or something
bull's-eye
/ˈbʊlzˌaɪ/USA pronunciation
n.[countable], pl.
-eyes.
Games->the circular spot at the center of a target.
the cavalry /ˈkæv ə lri/ noun [ U , group ]
soldiers
who fight on horses
con‧tig‧u‧ous /kənˈtɪɡjuəs/ adjective formal
next to something, or next to each other
America’s 48 contiguous states
char‧i‧ot /ˈtʃæriət/ noun [countable]
a vehicle with two wheels pulled by a horse, used in
ancient times in battles and races
ruth‧less /ˈruːθləs/ ●○○ adjective
1 so determined to get what you want that you do not
care if you have to hurt other people in order to do it
a ruthless dictator
They have shown a ruthless disregard for basic human
rights.
Sweep
push somebody/something with force [transitive always
+ adverb/preposition]
to force someone or something to move in a particular
direction
The windsurfer was swept out to sea. Jessie was swept
along by the angry crowd.
crush /krʌʃ/ ●●○ verb [transitive]
1 to press something so hard that it breaks or is
damaged
His leg was crushed in the accident.
Two people were crushed to death in the rush to
escape.
scat‧ter /ˈskætə $ -ər/ ●●○ verb [intransitive,
transitive]
1 if someone scatters a lot of things, or if they
scatter, they are thrown or dropped over a wide area in an irregular way
scatter (something) over/around/across etc something
Scatter the onions over the fish.
The flowers fell and scattered on the ground.
2 if a group of people or animals scatter, or if
something scatters them, they move quickly in different directions
The sound of gunfire made the crowd scatter in all
directions.
crush noun
[countable] a
strong feeling of romantic love for someone, especially one that a young person
has for someone older who they do not know well → infatuation
She had a huge crush on her geography teacher.
It’s just a schoolgirl crush.
tails /teɪlz/ noun [ plural ]
1 COIN the side of a coin that does not have
someone's head on it
Let's toss a coin -
heads or tails?
2 COAT a formal coat that has a short front
part and a long back part that is divided in two
even /ˈiːv ə n/ adjective
NUMBER [
MATHEMATICS ] An even number is a number
which can be exactly divided by two, for example four, six, or eight.
The
opposite is odd
de‧flate /ˌdiːˈfleɪt, dɪ-/ verb
1 [intransitive, transitive] if a tyre, balloon etc
deflates, or if you deflate it, it gets smaller because the gas inside it comes
out opp inflate → go down, let down
a flat tyre (=one which the air has come out of)I had
a flat tyre and had to walk home.
Abolished slave trade
wire‧tap‧ping /ˈwaɪətæpɪŋ $ ˈwaɪr-/ noun
[uncountable]
the action of secretly listening to other people’s
telephone conversations, by connecting something to the wires of their
telephone
—wiretap noun [countable]
—wiretap verb [transitive]
p.84
hungry hippos
gloworm
simon game
operation
spin like a top->
to spin or turn round very quickly The impact of the
blow sent me spinning like a top.
Par‧chee‧si /pɑːˈtʃiːzi $ pɑːr-/ noun
[uncountable] trademark American English
a children’s game in which you move a small piece of
plastic around a board after throwing dice
ludo
/ˈluːdəʊ/ n
1. Brit a simple board game in which players advance
counters by throwing dice
tear /tɪə $ tɪr/ ●●● S2 W3 noun
1 [countable usually plural] a drop of salty liquid
that comes out of your eye when you are crying
The children were all in
tears.
She came home in floods of tears.
I could see that Sam was close
to tears.
Bridget suddenly burst into
tears and ran out.
He was fighting back tears
as he spoke.
A lot of people were moved to
tears by his story.
He kissed her cheek, a gesture that brought tears to her eyes.
I must admit I shed a few
tears when the school closed.
I saw grown men reduced to
tears that day.
‘Please don’t talk like that, ’ Ellen implored him, her eyes filling with tears.
By this time, tears were
streaming down my face.
The tears he shed were tears
of joy.
Archaeological dig
Didn’t have much of a childhood
The accepted view
Sent them off to work
Providers for the household
Much shorter working lives
A harsh view
Having said that
Retrieving objects
Emotional bonds
Cannon
Figurines
Struck gold
Regardless of what they tell us about...
3 legged stool
Going on tour around the country...
harsh /hɑːʃ $ hɑːrʃ/ very uncomfortable syn severe The
hostages are being held in harsh conditions.
harsh winter/weather/climate
the harsh Canadian winters a young girl suddenly
exposed to the harsh realities of life
2 treatment/criticism severe, cruel, or unkindharsh
criticism/treatment/punishment etc
His theory met with harsh criticism from colleagues.
the harsh measures taken against the protesters
‘She’s an idiot!’ ‘Aren’t you being a bit harsh?’
a harsh authoritarian regime
He had harsh words (=severe criticism) for the
Government.
re‧trieve /rɪˈtriːv/ ●○○ verb [transitive]
1 formal to find something and bring it back → recover
She bent down to retrieve her earring.
retrieve something from something
It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the
crash.
Miss the boat
to be too late to get what you want
I'm afraid you've missed the boat.
All the tickets have been sold.
blow it/your chance(s) informal
If you blow it or blow your chance, you lose an
opportunity to do something by doing or saying the wrong thing.
I blew it when I criticized the way she ran the
office.
Tom blew his chances of getting the job by arriving
late for the interview.
cypress
/ˈsaɪprəs/
Also
in Moodle:
The pronunciation of the –ED suffix in verbs and
adjectives.
The past simple tense and past participle of all
regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
work, worked, worked
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past
participle and so end in -ed. For example:
I like painted furniture.
The question is, how do we pronounce the -ed? The
answer is, in 3 ways:
/ɪd/ If the base verb ends in one of these
sounds: /t/ or /d/
/t/ want wanted /d/ end
ended
Unvoiced /t/ When we find the following final sounds
/p/ hope hoped
/f/ laugh laughed
/s/ fax faxed
/ʃ/ wash washed
/ʧ/ watch watched
/k/ like liked
Voiced
/d/all other sounds,
eg play played
allow allowed
beg begged
*Note that it is the sound that is important, not the
letter or spelling. For example, fax ends in the letter x but the sound /s/;
like ends in the letter e but the sound /k/.
Pronunciation of some adjectives ending in -ed
The thing is that some adjectives ending in -ed have a
special pronunciation and the -ed is not pronounced /t/ or /d/ but /id/. Let’s have a look at them.
The following -ed words used as adjectives are
pronounced with /ɪd/:
(one-)legged
aged
beloved
blessed
crooked
cursed
dogged
learned
naked
ragged
rugged
sacred
wicked
wicked
wretched
To make matters worse, aged is pronounced /eɪdʒd/ when
it means years old (my grandmother, aged 93, is a very smart person) or when it
is a verb but, when it is an adjective it is pronounced |eɪdʒid/.
All the young men went to fight in the war; and only
the aged /eɪdʒid/ and infirm remained behind.
Other adjectives ending in -ed follow the rule for the pronunciation of the
-ed ending, ie, pronounced /id/ only after /d/ ot /t/.
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