Homework: grammar p. 77 and reading p.78-79
PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES (a type of relative clauses)
A
participial clause, starting with –ed or past participle, is used instead of a
relative pronoun plus passive voice. Study these further examples:
Food sold (= which is sold) in this supermarket is of
the highest quality.
Anyone found touching (= who is found ) these
priceless exhibits will be escorted out of the museum.
The tailback on the A34 caused (= which was caused /
which had been caused) by the head-on collision stretched for over 20 miles in both
directions.
It took the ambulances called (= that were called /
that had been called) to the scene over half an hour to get through.
A
participial clause, starting with -ing is used instead of a relative pronoun
plus active verb, continuous or simple.
The train now arriving (= which is now arriving) at
platform 1 is the 6.36 from Newcastle
There are delays for people travelling to work (= who
are travelling to work) on Southern Region trains this morning.
Anyone touching (= who touches ) these priceless
exhibits will be escorted out of the museum.
The boy driving (= who was driving) the BMW was underage, unlicensed and
over the limit.
tailback /ˈteɪlbæk/ noun [ C ] UK
a line of cars that have stopped or are moving very
slowly because of an accident or other problem on the road in front of them
geyser /ˈgiːzə r / /ˈgaɪzər/ noun [ C ]
[ GEOGRAPHY ] a hole in the ground that hot water and steam come out
of
NB2
famous /ˈfeɪməs/
adjective
known or recognized by many people
a famous actress
She's very good/bad at
geography.
SUCCESSFUL, or able to do something well
Anne's a good/bad at cooking.
angry
/ˈæŋgri/
adjective
having a strong feeling against someone who has
behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them
He's really angry at/with me for upsetting Sophie.
I don't understand what he's angry
about .
different /ˈdɪf ə r ə nt/ adjective
1 NOT THE SAME not the same as someone or
something else
Jo's very different from her sister, isn't she?
UK.- The house is different to how I
expected it to be.
2 SEPARATE [ always before noun ] used to talk
about separate things or people of the same type
I had to go to three different
shops to find the book she wanted.
differently adverb
See also: a different ball game
She's always been very nice to
me.
I want to learn Chinese.
I can speak
Chinese.
I like watching Chinese films.
I look forward/’m looking forward to going to China
THE TO INFINITIVE:
Verbs followed by to infinitive:
Decide ([+ to do sth] She's decided to take the job.),
hope (Dad hopes to retire next year.), need ([+
to do sth] The doctor said I might need to have an operation.)…
Adjectives followed by the infinitive:
necessary
/ˈnesəs
ə ri/ adjective
needed in order to achieve something
[ + to do sth ] Is it really necessary to give so much detail?
nice /naɪs/ adjective
1 PLEASANT pleasant
They live in a nice old house on
Market Street
We could go to the coast
tomorrow, if the weather's nice.
[ + to do sth ] It was very nice to meet you.
important /ɪmˈpɔːt ə nt/ adjective
1 VALUABLE valuable,
useful, or necessary
My family is very important
to me.
[ + to do sth ] Listen, Donna
has something important to say.
To infinitive after question words:
I don’t know…
…where to sit. (Where can I sit?)
…what to say. (What can I say?)
…when to visit her. (When can I visit her?)
To /tə/
REASON used to give the reason for doing something (para) (IMPORTANT:
always followed by a verb)
I'm just going out to get some milk.
He came to
ask me a question.
They left at ten to arrive early.
BE CAREFUL: when we have a noun we use for:
That’s a present FOR
me/Peter/my parents/the neighbour…
THE GERUND:
Subject of a sentence:
Doing exercise is good.
Speaking English is difficult/easy.
Eating homemade food is healthier.
After some verbs:
I love watching plays.
I hate eating
vegetables.
After prepositions:
He is interested in going
to the USA
She is obsessed with eating
pizza.
He came after finishing
her homework.
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