ni2 21/3/13

Homework: writing 1, workbook p. 17 e-mail (giving advice) + writing 2, workbook p 25 e-mail (asking for information) (120-150 words each).

weird  /wɪəd/

dull /dʌl/

weren't /wɜːnt/ UK  US   contracción de were not

aren't /ɑːnt/ UK  US

 •   contracción de are not

they're /ðeə/ UK  US   contracción de they are

where /weə/

were /wə, acentuado wɜː/ UK  US   pasado de be.

end up 

phrasal verb

to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it:

He came round for a coffee and we ended up in bed together.

I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction.

squad /skwɒd/ UK  US  sustantivo

1 selección, equipo [en deportes]

2 brigada

3 pelotón

adorable /əˈdɔːrəbəl/ UK  US  adjetivo

adorable, encantador -a

lie /laɪ/ UK  US  verbo [intransitivo] (pasado lay, participio lain, gerundio lying)

1 estar acostado -a/tumbado -a

to lie still/awake estar quieto -a/despierto -a [en la cama, etc.]

2 acostarse, tumbarse

to lie on your back/front tumbarse boca arriba/boca abajo

3 estar (situado -a)

The town lies in a valley.

La ciudad está situada en un valle.

lie about/around phrasal verb

1  to leave sth lying about/around dejar algo tirado

2  estar sin hacer nada

He lies around the house all day.

Se pasa el día en casa sin hacer nada.

lie ahead phrasal verb

(hablando de lo que nos espera en el futuro)

the problems that lay ahead

los problemas que se avecinaban

Who knows what lies ahead?

¿Quién sabe lo que nos deparará el futuro?

lie back phrasal verb

 recostarse

lie down phrasal verb

 tumbarse, echarse

lie in phrasal verb (to have a lie in)

 BrE  quedarse en la cama hasta tarde

lay past tense and past participle laid

1

put somebody/something down

 [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to put someone or something down carefully into a flat position [= place]:

He laid his hand on my shoulder.

They laid a wreath at the place where so many people died.

Lay the material flat on the table.

2

 lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc

to put or fasten bricks, acarpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor:

style='orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px' class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030">The carpet was laid last week.

style='orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px' class=pronsentence title="Look up a word starting with D or S for samples of headword or sentence pronunciations on the LDOCE CD-ROM" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031">The project involved laying an oil pipeline across the desert.

3

bird/insect etc

 [intransitive and transitive] if a bird, insect etc lays eggs, it produces them from its body:

The flies lay their eggs on decaying meat.

A cuckoo is able to lay in a range of different nests.

4

table

 [transitive] British English to put the cloth, plates, knives, forks etc on a table, ready for a meal [= set]:

John was laying the table.

crow /krəʊ/ UK  US   sustantivo & verbo

 •  sustantivo

1 cuervo

2 as the crow flies en línea recta

bush /bʊʆ/ UK  US  sustantivo (plural bushes)

arbusto, matorral

squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ UK  US  sustantivo

The participial clause, starting with -ing or -ed, is more characteristic of written English, as it allows us to say the same thing as a relative clause, starting with who, which or that, but with fewer words.

A participial clause, starting with –ed or past participle, is used instead of a relative pronoun plus passive voice. Study these further examples:

Food sold (= which is sold) in this supermarket is of the highest quality.

Anyone found touching (= who is found ) these priceless exhibits will be escorted out of the museum.

The tailback on the A34 caused ( = which was caused / which had been caused) by the head-on collision stretched for over 20 miles in both directions.

It took the ambulances called ( = that were called / that had been called) to the scene over half an hour to get through.

                    

     A participial clause, starting with -ing is used instead of a relative pronoun plus active verb, continuous or simple.

The train now arriving (= which is now arriving) at platform 1 is the 6.36 from Newcastle.

There are delays for people travelling to work (= who are travelling to work) on Southern Region trains this morning.

Anyone touching (= who touches ) these priceless exhibits will be escorted out of the museum.

The police impounded all the vehicles belonging to (= which belonged to) his brother.

The boy driving (= who was driving) the BMW was underage, unlicensed and over the limit.

                    

     Note that when we are talking about a single completed action in a defining relative clause, we cannot use an active participle:

The girl who fell down the cliff broke her leg.

(NOT: The girl falling down cliff…)