ni2 9/5/2011

Homework: review unit 8 p. 101 + grammar practice u.8 + writing: a letter of complaint ex. 10 p. 100 (consider the info in exercises 5 and 6)

Damaged by our actions

The sad news shown on tv…

To channel hop [flick through the channels with a remote control]

Do you like watching TV?

Are there quality programmes? Which ones?

Do you like adverts? Why (not)?

Idle

1 not working or producing anything [≠ busy]:

I cannot afford to leave the land lying idle.

The whole team stood idle, waiting for the mechanic.

The workers have been idle for the last six months.

Easy-going

Not easily upset, annoyed, or worried:

Her easy-going nature made her popular.

pro‧vid‧er [countable]

1 a company or person that provides a service:

An Internet service provider

2 someone who supports a family:

A widow, she is the sole provider (=the only one) for her family.

Nur‧ture [transitive usually passive] formal

1 to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to develop:

European Union is an ideal that has been nurtured since the post-war years.

A hatred of foreigners nurtured by the media

2 to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing:

Plants nurtured in the greenhouse

admittedly /ədˈmɪtədli / || /ədˈmɪtɪdli/

basically / ˈbeɪsɪkli/

frankly / ˈfræŋkli/

naturally / ˈnætʃrəli/

obviously / ˈɑːbviəsli / || / ˈɒbviəsli/

personally / ˈpɜːrsnʲəli / || / ˈpɜːsnʲəli/

Replacing a Relative Clause by a Participle Construction.

http://www.slideshare.net/Belenislide/relative-and-participle-clauses

Replace the Relative Clause by a Participle Construction while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged. (The first sentence is given as an example.)

1.   The boy who was waiting in the hall expected a phone call.
→ The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call.

2.   Passengers who wanted to go to Liverpool had to change in Manchester.
→ Passengers wanting to go to Liverpool had to change in Manchester.

3.   The girl who was picked up by her brother was very nice.
→ The girl picked up by her brother was very nice.

4.   The house that stands at the end of the road will soon be sold.
→ The house standing at the end of the road will soon be sold.

5.   The conference which was planned by non-governmental organisations was about globalisation.
→ The conference planned by non-governmental organisations was about globalisation.

6.   Irish people who live in Great Britain have the right to vote in British elections.
→ Irish people living in Great Britain have the right to vote in British elections.

7.   A friend who helps you in need is a good friend indeed.
→ A friend helping you in need is a good friend indeed.

8.   A picture that shows the image of a person is a portrait.
→ A picture showing the image of a person is a portrait.

9.   The problems that were discussed will be essential for your exam.
→ The problems discussed will be essential for your exam.

10.                    Animals that eat plants are called herbivores.
→ Animals eating plants are called herbivores.

Los conectores o conjunciones son palabras que usamos para unir dos o más frases o dos palabras dentro de la misma oración. Aquí tienes los conectores más comunes agrupados en categorías.

Copulativos: and, not only … but also …, not only … but … as well, both … and …, no sooner … than
Disyuntivos: or, either … or …, neither … nor …, whether … or …, else, otherwise

Condicionales: if, whether, unless, provided, providing, as long as, in case, in case of

Concesivos: although, though, even though, even if, despite, in spite of, not even if, regardless of

Conclusivos: therefore, hence, thus, so, consequently

Continuativos: then, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition to

Adversativos: but, however, nonetheless, yet, still, on the other hand, instead, instead of, on the contrary

Causales: because, for, because of, as a result of, due to, owing to, since, as

Comparativos: as, as … as …, not as … as …, not so … as …, just as … so …, as if, as though

Funcionales: so, so that, so as to, so as not to, in order to

Whoever - Whatever - Whenever

English Grammar Rules

We can think about the W-ever words semantically as the 'W' word + the quantifier 'any'. The trick to understanding these terms is to realise that they apply to any single one of the referents, and at the same time refer to all of the referents.

• Whatever - Any thing (This could also be every thing)
• Whenever - Any time (This could also be 'every time')
• Wherever - Any 'where' (Anywhere or everywhere).
• Whoever - Anyone (Any person or every person, or sometimes used to refer to a person unknown to the speaker)
• Whichever - Any 'which' (Choice between a group or set).
• However - Any 'way' (In any manner or way, regardless of how).

Basically each one means:

"It does not matter what / when / where etc." OR

"An unknown thing / time / place etc."

Examples of Whatever

Whatever you do, pay attention to the road when you are driving.
(You can do anything as long as you pay attention to the road)

They say you can buy whatever you desire in Harrods, as long as you have the money.
(You can buy anything in Harrods, if you have enough money)

The student was so intelligent that whatever we taught, she understood.
(She understood everything that she was taught)

The criminal said he would do whatever he could in order to get out of jail.
(He would do everything or anything he could to get out of jail)

Examples of Whenever

Whenever the neighbours flush the toilet, water comes through our ceiling.
(Every time they flush the toilet it happens)

Whenever she calls, the landlord is busy.
(Every time she calls the landlord, he/she is busy)

Call me whenever you need something.
(Call me any time you need something)

Whenever he comes home, he acts like a hungry dog.
(Ever time he comes home, she is like that)

Whenever I go to sleep early, I have extraordinary dreams.
(Every time I go to sleep early, I have these dreams)

Examples of Whereever

Wherever you go in the world, remember where you came from and where you are going.
(Anywhere you go in the world, remember those things)

With a good education in English, wherever you go, you will have a good time.
(If you are taught well, you will have a good time anywhere)

Wherever we put the TV in the room, the reception is bad.
(Anywhere we put the TV the reception is bad)

You can put the present that she gave you wherever you want, just don't let her know if you put it in the trash.
(You can put that present anywhere)

Examples of Whoever

Whoever broke the vase, can you please replace it?
(Any specific person who broke the vase, please replace it)

Whoever goes to the shop, please don't steal anything. 
(Any one or more of the people who will go to the shop, don't steal anything)

Whoever it was that knocked on the door last night must have been drunk, because they dropped twenty dollars as they ran away.
(The unknown person who knocked on the door dropped twenty dollars)

Whoever you just spoke to, she must have some special powers, because you look like you fell in love.
(The unknown person who you spoke with must have some special powers)

Examples of Whichever

You can drive whichever of the cars you want.
(You can choose to drive any of the cars)

Whichever dress I wear tonight, I'm worried that my butt will look fat. What do you think?
(Person is worried that the person's butt looks fat in any of the selected dresses)

Whichever road you take to Rome, you will need to drive carefully.
(There are a number of roads to take, and it is necessary to drive carefully on any one that you take)

Whichever pizza you ordered for her, it must have had some very delicious ingredients.
(The pizza that was ordered from those available had some special ingredients)

Examples of However

You can dress however you like for the party, it's not formal.
(You can dress the way that you want for the party)

However much she eats, she never puts on weight.
(It doesn't matter how much she eats, she never gets fat)

You can do it however you like; I don't really care as long as it gets done.
(You can do it any way that you want)

However rich they may be, it still isn't enough for them.
(It doesn't matter how rich they may be)

Try our interactive grammar game to learn the difference between Whoever, Whatever, Whenever etc. http://www.grammar.cl/Games/Whoever_Whatever_Whenever.htm

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