C1 4-5/4/16

P 97

EVEN: number

an even number can be divided exactly by two [≠ odd]:

2, 4, 6 and 8 are even numbers.

Ex. 7

1d, 2a, 3f, 4c, 5e, 6b

Ex. 8

There’s no question that it’s a well…

I had no difficulty in navigating my…

Also, no matter which page I visited, there was always…

I liked the fact that there was no suggestion of having to buy…

I was surprised that there was no mention of shipping costs.

You have no choice but/except to accept their …

I think that no matter what the retailer does, they…

Personally, I had no intention of buying anything.

build-up /ˈbɪldʌp/ noun [ U ]

1 when something slowly increases

[ usually singular ] the build-up of traffic

2 the build-up to sth

UK the period of preparation before something happens

There was a lot of excitement in the build-up to the Olympics.

limestone /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ noun [ U ]

[ GEOLOGY ] a white or light grey rock formed from the bones of sea animals, often used in building materials

down the drain

informal

a) if time, effort, or money goes down the drain, it is wasted or produces no results:

Well that's it. 18 months' work down the drain.

b) if an organization, country etc goes down the drain, it becomes worse or fails:

That's why this country's going down the drain!

Hydraulic jack

pacifier /ˈpæsɪfaɪə r / US ( UK dummy ) noun [ C ]

a small rubber object that you give to a baby to suck in order to make it calm

period – menstruation – cramps

biased /ˈbaɪəst/ adjective

showing unfair support for or opposition to someone or something because of your personal opinions

to be biased against/towards younger workers

sewer /sʊə r / noun [ C ]

a large underground system of pipes that carries away sewage

sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ noun [ U ]

waste water and waste from toilets

a sewage treatment plant

debris /ˈdebriː/ /dəˈbriː/ noun [ U ]

broken pieces of something

Debris from the aircraft was scattered over a wide area.

Downpour

Lightning bolt

Ligtning strikes

Ash clouds

flare

1 [countable] a piece of equipment that produces a bright flame, or the flame itself, used outdoors as a signal:

The distress flares were spotted by another ship.

2 [countable usually singular] a sudden bright flame:

There was a brief flare as the match was lit.

/ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl/

/ˈkʌvər /

popular with/hmong

Podcasts:

anglolink

engvids

npr (national public radio?)

tre (talk radio Europe)

Pg.100

the ˈ stock ex ˌ change ( also the ˈ stock ˌ market) noun

1 PLACE [ ECONOMICS ] the place where stocks and shares in companies are bought and sold

2 VALUE [ ECONOMICS ] the value of stocks and shares being bought and sold

down the drain informal

If money or work goes down the drain, it is wasted.

If you leave the course now, all your hard work will go down the drain.

crash  /kræʃ/ noun [ C ]

Word partners for crash

have / be involved in a crash • be injured in / killed in a crash • the cause of a crash • a crash victim • a car / plane / train crash

1 VEHICLE an accident in which a vehicle hits something

a car/plane crash

2 NOISE a sudden, loud noise made when something falls or breaks

I heard a crash and hurried into the kitchen.

3 COMPUTER [ COMPUTING ] when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working

4 BUSINESS [ ECONOMICS ] when the value of a country's businesses suddenly falls by a large amount

He lost a lot of money in the stock market crash of 1929.

Phytoplankton

Bioluminiscent

emitted

plank‧ton [uncountable]

the very small forms of plant and animal life that live in water, especially the sea, and are eaten by fish

signal /sɪɡnəl/

camouflage /ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/

 /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ /siːn//ˈpɪktʃə/ /əˈsɪstənt/ /brɑːntʃt/

Blend in with the crowd

strike/touch a chord (with somebody)

to do or say something that people feel is familiar or true:

-Many of the things she says will strike a chord with other young women.

-He knew that what he was saying had touched a chord.

p.101

(Generally,) his pictures (generally) carry...

Apparently  he became...

His work might make...

It seems that he wants... / He seems to want to draw...

It’s said (that) Bolin... / Bolin is said to have used...

be all talk (and no action)

If someone is all talk, they never do the brave or exciting things they often say they will do.

fleece /fliːs/ noun [ C , U ]

1 CLOTHING a warm, soft, light jacket, or the material used to make it

2 WOOL the thick covering of wool on a sheep

insulate /ˈɪnsjəleɪt/ verb [ T ]

1 COVER to cover something with a special material so that heat, electricity, or sound cannot escape through it

2 PROTECT to protect someone from unpleasant experiences or bad influences

parents who want to insulate their children from real life

literate /ˈlɪt ə rət/ adjective

able to read and write

The opposite is illiterate

narcissism /ˈnɑːsɪsɪz ə m/ noun [ U ] formal

great interest in and pleasure at your own appearance and qualities

narcissistic /ˌnɑːsɪˈsɪstɪk/ adjective

If people or their actions are narcissistic, they show narcissism.

p.103

devalue /ˌdiːˈvæljuː/ verb [ T ] present participle devaluing , past devalued

1 MONEY [ ECONOMICS ] to make something less valuable, especially a country's money

to devalue the pound

2 IMPORTANCE to make someone or something seem less important than they really are

Indigenous

p. 105

music soothes the wild beast (within)

soothe /suːð/ verb [ T ]

1 MAKE LESS PAINFUL to make something feel less painful

I had a long, hot bath to soothe my aching muscles.

2 MAKE CALM to make someone feel calm or less worried

to soothe a crying baby

soothing adjective

making you feel calm or in less pain

soothing music

a soothing effect/voice

busk /bʌsk/ verb [ I ] UK

to perform music in a public place to get money from people walking past

busker noun [ C ]

accordion /əˈkɔːdiən/ noun [ C ]

[ MUSIC ] a musical instrument with a folding centre part and keyboards at both ends, which you play by pushing the two ends together

team 2 /tiːm/ verb

team up phrasal verb

to join someone else and work together with them to do something

I teamed up with Brendan for the doubles tournament.

R&B, soulful ballads, soothing

genre /ˈʒɒnrə/ noun [ C ]

[ LITERATURE , MUSIC , ART ] a type of art or writing with a particular style

a literary/musical genre

folk 1 /fəʊk/ noun

1 PEOPLE [ plural ] UK informal ( US folks ) people

country folk

old folk

2 sb's folks

informal someone's parents

We always spend Christmas with my folks.

3 MUSIC [ MUSIC ] [ U ] folk music

C1 9-10/3/16

strike gold, oil, etc

to find a supply of gold, oil, etc in the ground

/ˌmediˈiːvəl/

/ˈθiːsɪs/

hush-hush /ˌhʌʃˈhʌʃ/ adjective informal

If something is hush-hush, it is kept secret.

The project's all very hush-hush .

huff 1 /hʌf/ verb

huff and puff

informal to breathe loudly, especially because you have been exercising

Pam was huffing and puffing by the time she reached the top of the stairs.

Participle relative clauses

p. 91

TAKE
NEED If something takes a particular amount of time, or a particular quality, you need that amount of time or that quality in order to be able to do it. [+ to do sth]

It's taken me three days to get here.

It takes a lot of courage to stand up and talk in front of so many people.

last  /lɑːst/ verb [ I , T ]

1 CONTINUE to continue to happen, exist, or be useful

How long will the meeting last?

We don't get much sun - enjoy it while it lasts !

Most sessions last about an hour.

The batteries only last about five hours.

2 BE ENOUGH to be enough for a period of time

I've only got £30 to last me till the end of the month.

We've got enough food to last another week.

Swearwords:

Arsehole- asshole

Bastard

Son of a bitch

Piece of shit

Scumbag

Humbug

nigger

crap

wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adjective

rich

a wealthy businessman/nation

Only the very wealthy can afford to live here.

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ noun [ U ]

[ SOCIETY ] the buildings, paintings, customs, etc which are important in a culture or society because they have existed for a long time

our architectural/cultural heritage

repatriate /riːˈpætrieɪt/ /riːˈpeɪtrieɪt/ verb [ T ]

to send someone back to their own country

repatriation /ˌriːpætriˈeɪʃ ə n/ /rɪˌpeɪtriˈeɪʃ ə n/ noun [ U ]

inheritance /ɪnˈherɪt ə ns/ noun [ C , U ]

money or possessions that someone gives you when they die

Nick has sold off much of his inheritance.

Heirloom- family possessions handed down from generation to generation.

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ noun [ U ]

[ SOCIETY ] the buildings, paintings, customs, etc which are important in a culture or society because they have existed for a long time

our architectural/cultural heritage

li‧thog‧ra‧phy [uncountable]

a method of printing in which a pattern is cut into stone or metal so that ink sticks to some parts of it and not others

rub‧bing [countable]

a copy of a shape or pattern made by rubbing wax, chalk etc onto a piece of paper laid over it:

a brass rubbing

decorative /ˈdek ə rətɪv/ adjective

making something or someone look more attractive

decorative objects

soar [intransitive]

amounts/prices etc

to increase quickly to a high level [≠ plummet]:

Her temperature soared.

The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.

soaring unemployment

state‧ly

1 done slowly and with a lot of ceremony:

the stately progress of the procession

2 impressive in style and size:

stately buildings

ar‧te‧fact especially British English also artifact especially American English [countable]

an object such as a tool, weapon etc that was made in the past and is historically important:

ancient Egyptian artefacts

snap somebody/something ↔ up

phrasal verb

1 to buy something immediately, especially because it is very cheap:

People were snapping up bargains.

bid past tense and past participle bid, present participle bidding

1 [intransitive and transitive] to offer to pay a particular price for goods, especially in an auction

bid (somebody) something for something

She bid £100 for a Victorian chair.

What am I bid for lot 227? Shall we start at $500?

bid against

The two men ended up bidding against each other at the auction.

fi‧ne‧ry [uncountable] literary

clothes and jewellery that are beautiful or very expensive, and are worn for a special occasion:

The guests arrived in all their finery.

/ænˈtiːk/

e‧dict [countable] formal

1 an official public order made by someone in a position of power [= decree]:

The emperor issued an edict forbidding anyone to leave the city.

scroll [countable]

1 a long piece of paper that can be rolled up, and is used as an official document

breed [countable]

1 a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm

breed of

Spaniels are my favourite breed of dog.

2 a particular kind of person or type of thing:

Real cowboys are a dying breed (=not many exist anymore).

Dodd was one of that rare breed (=there are not many of them) who could make the game of football look simple.

/ɪgˈzɪbɪt/

/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/

non-profit also non-profitmaking British English

a non-profit organization uses the money it earns to help people instead of making a profit:

a non-profit educational institution

Foundation

organization

[countable] an organization that gives or collects money to be used for special purposes, especially for charity or for medical research:

the British Heart Foundation

finders keepers (losers weepers)

spoken used to say that if someone finds something, they have the right to keep it

it rings the bell

p.93

/ˈɔːdɪəns/

/ɪnˈhɑːns/

Blogs

Social networking sites

Internet forums

Online photo albums

Downloadable music

Viral markerting

de‧tract

detract from something

phrasal verb

to make something seem less good:

One mistake is not going to detract from your achievement.

I’m inclined to think it’s a question of moderation, as with any tool. As long as you don’t let it take over your life.

As long as you don’t let it take over your life

C1 7-8/3/16

p. 84

replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ verb [ T ]

1 USE INSTEAD to start using another thing or person instead of the one that you are using now

We're thinking of replacing our old TV with a fancy new one.

2 BE USED INSTEAD to start to be used instead of the thing or person that is being used now

This system will replace the old one.

3 GET SOMETHING NEW to get something new because the one you had before has been lost or damaged

We'll have to replace this carpet soon.

4 PUT BACK formal to put something back in the place where it usually is

She picked up the books and carefully replaced them on the shelf.

ex.5-> 1d, 2d, 3b, 4c, 5a

miss the boat

to be too late to get what you want

I'm afraid you've missed the boat. All the tickets have been sold.

blow it/your chance(s)-informal-

If you blow it or blow your chance, you lose an opportunity to do something by doing or saying the wrong thing.

I blew it when I criticized the way she ran the office.

Tom blew his chances of getting the job by arriving late for the interview.

hit the jackpot

to be very successful, especially by winning or earning a lot of money

insofar /ɪnsəʊˈfɑːrˌəz/adv. [~ + as]

to such an extent:

I will do the work insofar as I am able.

insofar as conj	(to the extent that, in that)	si es que loc adv
	Both ideas, insofar as they can be called 'ideas', are equally preposterous.
	Ambas ideas, si es que podemos llamarlas "ideas", son igualmente absurdas.
		si acaso loc conj
		en tanto que loc conj
	Ambas ideas, si acaso podemos llamarlas "ideas", son igualmente absurdas.

preposterous /prɪˈpɒst ə rəs/ adjective

extremely stupid

That's a preposterous idea!

pre•pos•ter•ous /prɪˈpɑstərəs, -trəs/   adj. 

1. completely opposite to common sense;
foolish: a preposterous scheme.

insofar as /ɪnsəʊˈfɑːrˌəz/ conjunction formal

to the degree that

The story is based insofar as possible on notes made by Scott himself.

By a process of elimination.

pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ /pərˈsuːt/ noun [ U ]

1 TRY when you try to achieve a plan, activity, or situation, usually over a long period of time

the pursuit of pleasure

He left his native country in pursuit of freedom.

2 FOLLOWING when you follow someone or something to try to catch them

The police are in pursuit of a 25-year-old murder suspect.

be the apple of somebody's eye

to be loved very much by someone:

Ben was always the apple of his father's eye.

Hannah’s bits:

If you fail one exam you can resit it.

On Instagram-> I’ll give them a follow

The Royal Family are quite down to earth.

People can’t be kicked off about new laws.

Immigrants go on the benefit system.

Say prayers and sing hymns.

I’m bubbling.

Job seekers allowance->go to job centres

c1 2-3/3/16

p. 82

hier‧o‧glyph‧ics [uncountable] /ˌhaɪərəʊˈglɪfɪks/

a system of writing that uses pictures to represent words

—hieroglyphic adjective:

hieroglyphic script

Rosseta stone

Pharaoh

Looter

He who laughs last, laughs longest.

 and He who laughs last, laughs best.

Prov. If someone does something nasty to you, that person may feel satisfaction, but you will feel even more satisfaction if you get revenge on that person.

Joe pulled a dirty trick on me, but I'll get him back. He who laughs last, laughs best.

account 1 /əˈkaʊnt/ noun [ C ]

Word partners for account

give an account of sth • a brief / detailed / full account • an eye-witness / first-hand account • an account of sth

close / open an account • have an account with [name of bank] • a joint / personal / savings account • an account holder / number

1 REPORT a written or spoken description of something that has happened

They gave conflicting accounts of the events.

The documents provide a detailed account of the town's early history.

2 BANK [ FINANCE ] ( also bank account ) an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to let you take it out when you need to

I paid the money into my account.

3 SHOP [ FINANCE ] an agreement with a shop or company that allows you to buy things and pay for them later

4 take sth into account; take account of sth

to consider something when judging a situation

You have to take into account the fact that he is less experienced when judging his performance.

5 on account of sth

formal because of something

He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.

6 by all accounts

as said by a lot of people

The party was, by all accounts, a great success.

7 on my account

just for or because of me

Please don't change your plans on my account.

8 on no account; not on any account

UK not for any reason or in any situation

On no account must these records be changed.

See also: checking account , current account , deposit account

rival 1 /ˈraɪv ə l/ noun [ C ]

someone or something that is competing with another person or thing

business/political rivals

rival adjective [ always before noun ]

a rival company/gang

rivalry noun [ C , U ]

when two people or things are rivals

There is intense rivalry between the two teams.

cock•y /ˈkɑki/   adj., -i•er, -i•est. 

1. arrogant; conceited;
cocksure:a brash, cocky manner.

head•strong /ˈhɛdˌstrɔŋ, -ˌstrɑŋ/   adj. 

1. determined to have one's own way;
obstinate.

/kənˈtrəʊl/ /rɪˈzɪstəns/ /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

flee /fli/   v., fled/flɛd/  flee•ing. 

1. to run away (from), as from danger or pursuers;
take flight (from);
escape: [no object] They fled by jumping on a boat. [~ + from + object] They fled from their home. [~ + to + object] tried to flee to a safe country. [~ + object] They fled the country.

/ˈækjʊrɪt/

p. 83

/dɪˈt3ːmɪnd/

/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/  

PEOPLE:

the entire body of persons who make up a community, tribe, etc., in that they have a common culture, religion, or the like [countable] They are a hard-working, industrious people; the Jewish people.

com‧ple‧tion [uncountable] /kəmˈpliːʃən/

1 the state of being finished:

The house is nearing completion (=almost finished).

The project has a completion date of December 22nd.

2 the act of finishing something

completion of

The job is subject to your satisfactory completion of the training course.

on completion (of something)

On completion of the building, they make a final inspection.

3 law the final point in the sale of a house, when all the documents have been signed and all the money paid

assess /əˈses/ verb [ T ]

to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something

The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills.

assessment noun [ C , U ]

notorious /nəʊˈtɔːriəs/ adjective

famous for something bad

a notorious criminal

She was notorious for her bad temper.

notoriously adverb

Mount Everest is a notoriously difficult mountain to climb.

/ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ /ˌpaɪəˈnɪər /

com‧plex‧ion

1 [countable] the natural colour or appearance of the skin on your face:

Drinking water is good for the complexion.

pale/fair/ruddy etc complexion (=a pale, fair, red etc face)

fair-complexioned/smooth-complexioned etc

She was fair-complexioned with blonde hair.

Herniated disc

Hula Hoop /ˈhuːləhuːp/ noun [ C ] trademark

a large plastic ring that you put around your waist and move your body so that it goes round and round

undeveloped /ˌʌndɪˈveləpt/ adjective

Undeveloped land has no buildings on it and is not used for anything.

pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪəʳ/

tirachinas SM INV catapult, slingshot EEUU

peonza nf  España (trompo cónico) spinning top, top n

marbles

bottle caps

tag

hide and seek

comba nf    (juego con cuerda)  skipping n

       (UK)     skip rope n

       (US)     jump rope n

French elastic or elastic skipping

rayuela (juego infantil)  hopscotch n

peekaboo

either 1 /ˈaɪðə r , ˈiːðə r / conjunction

either... or

used when you are giving a choice of two or more things

Either call me tonight or I'll speak to you tomorrow.

There's either mashed, boiled, or baked potatoes.

cage /keɪdʒ/ noun [ C ]

cage

a container made of wire or metal bars used for keeping birds or animals in

a bird cage

stool /stuːl/ noun [ C ]

stool

a seat that does not have a back or arms

a piano/bar stool