Dioptre
Long and short-sightedness
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
Lazy eye
Squint
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Blepharitis
Floaters and flashes
Retinal detachment
If you have diabetes
Colour vision
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Houses p. 33
pre‧fab [countable]
informal a small prefabricated building
plain, wooden, blends, false, ornate, modest.
set something ↔ off
if a piece of clothing, colour, decoration etc sets
something off, it makes it look attractive:
[British English] The blue sundress set off her long
blonde hair.
grand
big and very impressive [≠ humble]:
a grand country house
The party was a grand affair.
New Yorkers build on a grand scale.
Material-> brick, concrete, glass, steel, wooden.
Period/style->1960s, colonial, futuristic, modern,
traditional.
Impression->characterless, elegant, imposing,
plain, striking (attractive in an unusual way that is easy to notice:
[British English] a dark man with striking features).
Type->cottage, tower, shack, warehouse.
facade ( also façade ) /fəˈsɑːd/ noun [ C ]
1 APPEARANCE a false appearance
Behind that amiable facade , he's a deeply unpleasant
man.
2 BUILDING the front of a large building
the gallery's
elegant 18th century facade
show off
phrasal verb to try to make people admire your
abilities or achievements in a way which other people find annoying
He was the kind of kid who was always showing off to
his classmates.
Attic People store things in the attic.
Ballroom A room in stately homes where rich people dance
and concerts are held.
Basement.
Box Room A small room used for storage.
Cellar Underneath the house.
Cloakroom A small room for a downstairs toilet.
Conservatory A greenhouse attached to a house as a sun room,
or for the display of plants.
Dining Room A room where people eat.
Drawing Room A room in stately homes where posh people
entertain.
Games Room A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall The entrance passage to a house.
LandingThe level area at the top of a staircase or between
one flight of stairs and another.
Larder A small room used for the storage of food.
Library A room where books are kept.
Music Room A room where people play music.
Office A room where people work.
Pantry A small room used to store kitchen and dining
items.
Parlour /ˈpɑːlər
/ (Old fashioned) word for living room.
Living Room Yet another name for sitting room / lounge/laʊndʒ/.
Spare Room/Guest
Room A room where guests sleep and clutter is
stored.
Toilet A room where people go to the toilet (often
known as WC/ˌdʌbljuːˈsiː/ / loo).
Utility Room A room where appliances such as washing machines
are used.
p.34
dwelling /ˈdwelɪŋ/ noun [ C ] formal
a house or place to live in
claim
1 /kleɪm/
verb
1 SAY [ T ] to say that something is true,
although you have not proved it
[ + (that) ] She claimed that the dog attacked her.
[ + to do sth ] He claims to have seen a ghost.
2 claim credit/responsibility/success, etc
to say that you have done or achieved something
No one has claimed
responsibility for yesterday's bomb attack.
The opposite is disclaim
3 DEMAND [ I , T ] to ask for something because
it belongs to you or you have the right to have it
She claimed $2,500
in travel expenses.
If no one claims
the watch, then you can keep it.
4 KILL [ T ] If an accident, war, etc claims
lives, people are killed because of it.
The floods claimed
over 200 lives.
scarce /skeəs/ adjective
rare or not available in large amounts
scarce resources
compact 1 /kəmˈpækt/
adjective
small and including many things in a small space
pasture /ˈpɑːstʃə r / noun [ C ]
[ FARMING ] an area of land with grass where animals can feed
premium /ˈpriːmiəm/ noun
be at a premium
If something useful is at a premium, there is not
enough of it.
Time is at a
premium just before the start of exams.
sledge 1 /sledʒ/ UK
( US
[ SPORT ] a vehicle that is used for travelling on snow
built-in /ˌbɪltˈɪn/ adjective [
always before noun ]
included as part of the main
structure of something
a computer with a built-in modem
auna /ˈsɔːnə/ noun [ C ]
a gym with a pool
and a sauna
2 have a sauna
to spend time inside a sauna
en suite /ˌɒnˈswiːt/ adjective
keep up with the Joneses ->
disapproving› to always want to own the same
expensive objects and do the same things as your friends or neighbours,
because you are worried about seeming less important socially than they are
The order in adjectives:
Other-colour-origin-material-purpose
A new blue Italian cotton dancing dress
Opinion (general-specific), size, shape, age, colour,
nationality, material.
opinion > size > quality > age > shape
> colour > participle forms > origin > material type > purpose
An exciting, 5 inches , high class, brand new, slim, boldly
designed, Japanese, titanium mobile
Guidelines:
|
|
1
|
4
|
8
|
|
|
|
quality
|
age
|
origin
|
noun
|
|
a
|
beautiful
|
old
|
Indian
|
carpet
|
You don't have to include an example of every type of
adjective, but the ones you do use should follow the order. So if you wanted to
add red and green to the phrase a beautiful old Indian
carpet, you would put it between old and Indian like
this:
|
|
1
|
4
|
6
|
8
|
|
|
|
opinion
|
age
|
colour
|
origin
|
noun
|
|
a
|
beautiful
|
old
|
red
and green
|
Indian
|
carpet
|
It sometimes helps to remember the order of adjective
if you consider that adjectives whose meaning is closely, or permanently,
connected to the noun are placed nearer to it in the sentence. So in this
phrase: a large comfortable wooden chair –wooden has
a very close connection with chair.
|
|
2
|
3
|
10
|
|
|
|
size
|
quality
|
material
type
|
noun
|
|
a
|
large
|
comfortable
|
wooden
|
chair
|
Here are some more examples:
|
|
3
|
7
|
|
|
|
quality
|
participle
|
noun
|
|
a
|
new
|
improved
|
recipe
|
|
|
1
|
3
|
10
|
|
|
|
opinion
|
quality
|
type
|
noun
|
|
an
|
old-fashioned
|
romantic
|
candle-lit
|
dinner
for two
|
Sometimes we can use but between
adjectives, especially if their meanings seem contradictory.
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
size
|
|
quality
|
noun
|
|
a
|
small
|
but
|
tasty
|
meal
|
If we use 2 adjectives that are similar in meaning, we
usually put the shorter one first: a soft, comfortable cushion.
Gradable and
ungradable adjectives
Adjectives describe a quality that
something has. To describe variations in temperature, for instance, we can use
hot or cold, which are gradable adjectives but to describe the limits of
temperature we use boiling or freezing. These are ungradable
adjectives.
|
Ungradable
|
Gradable
|
|
tiny
|
small
|
|
excellent
|
good
|
|
boiling
|
warm/hot
|
|
enormous
|
big
|
|
terrible
|
bad
|
|
freezing
|
cold
|
|
exhausted
|
tired
|
|
furious
|
angry
|
Use adverbs to make adjectives weaker or stronger.
Adverbs with gradable adjectives – very, extremely, a
bit, slightly
Adverbs with ungradable adjectives – absolutely,
completely, totally, utterly.
buff
n informal (expert, fan)aficionado/a
have a skeleton in the cupboard UK
to have an embarrassing or unpleasant secret about
something that happened in the past
Most people have a few skeletons in the cupboard.
