p. 135
Ex 7
Badly
Long
Lately
Hopefully
Hardly
Really fast
First
Quite hard
Ex 9
Hardly- hard
Previously
Late
Wide
Incredibly
Easily
Slowly
Hardly feel
p. 136
ex 10
infection, allergic, irritable, curable, regular,
medical, modernise, addictive
p. 138
ex 2
fell off a horse, a ladder, a bike
fell down the stairs
burned, tripped, fell off, bit, crashed into,
poisoning, sunburn, fainted, slipped, stung
stomach cramp- corte de digestión
bite /baɪt/ UK US verbo & sustantivo
• verbo [transitivo/intransitivo] (pasado bit,
participio bitten)
1 morder
Watch out for the dog, he bites.
Cuidado
con el perro, que muerde.
I bit my tongue.
Me mordí la lengua.
Don't
bite your nails.
No
te comas las uñas./No te muerdas las uñas.
to bite into sth morder algo
2 picar
She was bitten by a snake.
Le
picó una víbora.
• sustantivo
1
bocado, mordisco
to have/take a bite of sth darle
un bocado a algo
2
picadura, mordedura
insect
bites
picaduras
de insectos
3
(informal) to have a bite (to
eat) picar algo
sting /stɪŋ/ UK
US verbo & sustantivo
• verbo (pasado & participio
stung)
1 [transitivo] picar
Lucy was stung by a wasp.
A Lucy le picó una avispa.
2 [intransitivo]
escocer
This may sting a little.
Puede que te escueza un poco.
• sustantivo
picadura
ˈfood ˌpoisoning UK US sustantivo
intoxicación [por ingestión de
alimentos]
swell /swel/ UK
US verbo & sustantivo
• verbo (participio swollen)
1 [intransitivo] (también swell up) hincharse,
inflamarse
2 [transitivo/intransitivo] aumentar
• sustantivo
oleaje
p. 138
ex 4
cycling in
the mounatain
cycling in a
mountain – steep bent – fell on some bushes
confused –
knee swollen – bruises and cuts- bleeding
a woman with
a car came past to minutes after that
nothing
broken / wrong with his head– stay longer – stitches – rest – not cycle for a
week
hang around with somebody
phrasal verb
to spend a
lot of time with someone The people I used to hang around with were much
older than me.
I bet/I’ll
bet
spoken
a) used to
say that you are fairly sure that something is true, something is happening
etc, although you cannot prove this
Bet you wish you’d arrived earlier.
I bet you she won’t come.
Question tags
You don’t
like football, do you?
She likes
you, doesn’t she?
She’s here,
isn’t she?
They aren’t
tired, are they?
They can help
us, can’t they?
steep /stiːp/ UK US adjetivo
1 empinado -a
a very steep hill
una cuesta muy empinada
Direct
and Reported Speech
El estilo directo y indirecto
Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo
que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo
o el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech (El estilo
directo)
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo
que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo
que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por
palabra.
Ejemplos:
|
|
“I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la
semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
|
|
|
“Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he
asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,” él preguntó.)
|
|
|
Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
|
|
|
Chris asked, “Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?”(Chris
preguntó, “¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?”)
|
Reported Speech (El estilo
indirecto)
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo
directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En
general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia.
A continuación tienes una explicación de los cambios que sufren los tiempos
verbales.
A veces se usa “that” en las frases
afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por
otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.
Nota: Ten en cuenta también que las
expresiones de tiempo cambian en el estilo indirecto. Fijate en los
cambios de tiempo en los ejemplos más abajo y después, encontrarás una tabla
con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el estilo indirecto.
|
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
|
Present Simple
|
Past Simple
|
“He is American,” she said.
|
She said he was American.
|
“I am happy to see you,” Mary
said.
|
Mary said that she was happy
to see me.
|
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?”
|
He asked me if I was busy that
night.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
“Dan is living in San
Francisco,” she said.
|
She said Dan was living in
San Francisco.
|
He said, “I’m making dinner.”
|
He told me that he was
making dinner.
|
“Why are you working so
hard?” they asked.
|
They asked me why I was working so
hard.
|
|
Past Simple
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
“We went to the movies last
night,” he said.
|
He told me they had gone to
the moviesthe night before.
|
Greg said, “I didn’t go to
workyesterday.”
|
Greg said that he hadn’t
gone to workthe day before.
|
“Did you buy a
new car?” she asked.
|
She asked me if I had bought a
new car.
|
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
“I was working late last
night,” Vicki said.
|
Vicki told me she’d been working latethe
night before.
|
They said, “we weren’t waiting long.”
|
They said that they hadn’t
been waitinglong.
|
He asked, “were you sleeping when
I called?”
|
He asked if I’d been sleeping when
he called.
|
|
Present Perfect Simple
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.”
|
Heather told me that she’d already eaten.
|
“We haven’t been to China,”
they said.
|
They said they hadn’t been to
China.
|
“Have you worked here
before?” I
asked.
|
I asked her whether she’d worked there
before.
|
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
“I’ve been studying English for
two years,” he said.
|
He said he’d been studying English
for two years.
|
Steve said, “we’ve been dating for
over a year now.”
|
Steve told me that they’d been
datingfor over a year.
|
“Have you been waiting long?”
they asked.
|
They asked whether I’d been
waitinglong.
|
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
Past Perfect Simple (NO CHANGE)
|
“I’d been to Chicago before for
work,” he said.
|
He said that he’d been to
Chicago before for work.
|
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
|
She said, “I’d been dancing for
years before the accident.”
|
She said she’d been dancing for
years before the accident.
|
Nota: Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado
(que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el
tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos:
|
|
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30
years old.
|
|
|
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
|
|
|
“We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They
said they are going to Tokyo next week.
|
|
|
“I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” Nina said. → Nina said
she is cutting her hair tomorrow.
|
Homework: p. 139, ex. 8
