Tuesday, February 28, 2017

C1 27-28/2/2017

p.74

/ˈsteɪtəs $ ˈsteɪtəs, ˈstæ-/
/wɪðˈɪn $ wɪðˈɪn, wɪθˈɪn/
/iːsˈθetɪk, es- $ es-/
sym‧me‧try /ˈsɪmətri/
/ˈhemɪsfɪər /
trait /treɪt/ noun [ C ]
a quality, good or bad, in someone's character
a family trait

con‧verse‧ly /kənˈvɜːsli, ˈkɒnvɜːsli $ kənˈvɜːrsli, ˈkɑːnvɜːrsli/ ●○○ AWL adverb  used when one situation is the opposite of another American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.
han‧ker /ˈhæŋkə $ -ər/ verb [intransitive, transitive]  to have a strong desire for something
hanker after/for
She hankered for a new life in a different country.
holidaymakers who hanker after the sunhanker
to do something
I've been hankering to visit my father's birthplace for many years.

shal‧low /ˈʃæləʊ $ -loʊ/ ●●● S3 adjective (comparative shallower, superlative shallowest) 
not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters – used to show disapproval a shallow argument
If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.

catch sb's eye
GET SOMEONE'S ATTENTION
to get someone's attention by looking at them
I tried to catch her eye, but she had already turned away.
It was the colour of his jacket that caught my eye.


Shy /ʃaɪ/ verb [ I ]
If a horse shies, it moves backwards suddenly because it has been frightened by something.
shy away from sth   phrasal verb
 to avoid doing something, usually because you are not confident enough to do it
He tends to shy away from public speaking.

nose′ job′,
[Informal.]Surgery, Informal Terms
cosmetic surgery of the nose;
rhinoplasty.

inquisitive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/ adjective
wanting to discover as much as you can about things
an inquisitive child
inquisitively adverb
inquisitiveness noun [ U ]

have something off pat
British English,
have something down pat
American English
to know something thoroughly so that you can say it, perform it etc immediately without thinking about it syn (off) by heart

To make up or not to make up?

Resultado de imagen de make up before and after

 Resultado de imagen de make up before and after

com‧posed /kəmˈpəʊzd $ -ˈpoʊzd/ adjective 
1 seeming calm and not upset or angry
He appeared very composed despite the stress he was under.

point‧less /ˈpɔɪntləs/ ●○○ adjective 
worthless or not likely to have any useful result
Life just seemed pointless to me. a pointless quarrel

triv‧i‧al /ˈtrɪviəl/ ●●○ adjective  not serious, important, or valuable
trivial problem/matter/complaint etc
We were punished for the most trivial offences.
a trivial sum
Her feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison.

yacht /jɒt $ jɑːt/

/ˈsɜːfɪs $ ˈsɜːr-/

take something at face value
to accept a situation or accept what someone says, without thinking there may be a hidden meaning
You shouldn’t always take his remarks at face value.

aesthetic ( also US esthetic ) /esˈθetɪk/ adjective
relating to beauty and the way something looks
the aesthetic appeal of cats
aesthetically adverb

sanction 1 /ˈsæŋkʃ ə n/ noun
Word partners for sanction
impose / lift sanctions • tough sanctions • sanctions against / on sb • economic / trade sanctions
1 PUNISHMENT [ POLITICS , LAW ] [ C ] a punishment for not obeying a rule or a law
economic/trade sanctions against a country
2 APPROVAL [ U ] official approval or permission

p.76


circuit noun [ C ]
TRACK [ SPORT ] a path, route, or sports track that is shaped like a circle
course noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area used for horse races or playing golf
a golf course
course noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area used for horse races or playing golf
a golf course
field noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area of grass where you can play a sport
a football field
ground 1 noun
AREA [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area of land used for a particular purpose or activity
a football ground
ˈ ice ˌ rink noun [ C ]
[ SPORT ] an area of ice, usually inside a building, which is prepared for people to ice skate on
pitch 2 noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] UK an area of ground where a sport is played
a cricket/football pitch
pitch  noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] UK an area of ground where a sport is played
a cricket/football pitch
track  noun
SPORT [ SPORT ] [ U ] US the sport of running in races around a wide circular path made for this sport


/kəˈrɑːti/

ˈsick leave noun [uncountable]  time that you are allowed to spend away from work because you are sickon sick leave He has been on sick leave for more than three months.

Budget

Which idea do you like the most?
Which one do you like the least?
Any similarities with Spain?

coerce /kəʊˈɜːs/ verb [ T ] formal
to make someone do something that they do not want to do
[ + into + doing sth ] Employees said they were coerced into signing the agreement.
coercion /kəʊˈɜːʃ ə n/ noun [ U ]
They accused the police of coercion.



Friday, February 24, 2017

C1 22-23/2/17

Homework: Reading activity p. 70


p.70

they’re /ðə; strong ðeə, ðeɪə $ ðər strong ðer, ðeɪər/

callisthenics:

juggling club

brisk /brɪsk/ ●○○ adjective 
quick and full of energy a brisk walk
They set off at a brisk pace.

sect /sekt/ ●○○ noun [countable]  a group of people with their own particular set of beliefs and practices, especially within or separated from a larger religious group → sectional


come across phrasal verb
come across somebody/something
to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance
I came across an old diary in her desk.
I’ve never come across anyone quite like her before.
We’ve come across a few problems that need resolving.

Join in (something) phrasal verb
To take part in something that a group of people are doing or that someone else does
About 50 fans poured on to the pitch to join in with the players.

in‧sep‧a‧ra‧ble /ɪnˈsepərəbəl/

Put sth down to sth— phrasal verb
To think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing:
I put the children's bad behaviour down to the fact that they were tired.

Pi‧la‧tes /pɪˈlɑːtiz/
The embroidery and the structure of the wine horses blankets is carried on throughout the year.

price /praɪs/
prize /praɪz/



Phrasal verbs

http://www.phrasalverbdemon.com/prepositions.htm


Verbs: multi-word verbs
Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. up, over, in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name ‘phrasal verb’ is used to refer to all three types.

Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an adverb particle.
The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs are aroundat, away, down, in, offon, out, over, round, up:
bring in go around look up put away take off
Meaning
Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot easily guess from their individual parts. (The meanings are in brackets.)
The book first came out in 1997. (was published)
The plane took off an hour late. (flew into the air)
The lecture went on till 6.30. (continued)
It’s difficult to make out what she’s saying. (hear/understand)
For a complete list of the most common phrasal verbs, see the Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.
Formality
Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal than a single word with the same meaning.
Compare
phrasal verb
more formal single word
We need to sort the problem out.
We need to solve/resolve the problem.
The team only had an hour to put the stage up before the concert.
The team only had an hour to erect/construct the stage before the concert.
Phrasal verbs and objects
Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the particle may come before or after the object if the object is not a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).
Compare
(p = particle; o = object [underlined])
particle before the object
particle after the object
She brought [P]up [O]three kids all alone.
brought [O]my children [P]up to be polite.
Do you want me to take [P]off [O]my shoes?
Come in. Take [O]your coat [P]off.
If the object is a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.), we always put the pronoun before the particle:
I’ve made some copies. Would you like me to hand them out?
Not: Would you like me to hand out them?
Oh, I can’t lift you up any more. You’re too big now!
Not: I can’t lift up you any more.
We usually put longer objects (underlined) after the particle:
Many couples do not want to take on the responsibility of bringing up a large family of three or four children.
We can use some phrasal verbs without an object:
break down
get back
move in/out
carry on
go off
run away
drop off
hang on
set off
eat out
join in
wake up
The taxi broke down on the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.
We’d better set off before the rush-hour traffic starts.
What time did you wake up this morning?
A good learner’s dictionary will tell you if the phrasal verb needs an object or can be used without one.

Prepositional verbs
Prepositional verbs have two parts: a verb and a preposition which cannot be separated from each other:
break into (a house)
get over (an illness)
listen to
cope with (a difficult situation)
get on
look after (a child)
deal with (a problem)
get off
look at
depend on
go into
look for
do without
lead to
look forward to
Prepositional verbs and objects
Prepositional verbs always have an object, which comes immediately after the preposition. The object (underlined) can be a noun phrase, a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb:
Somebody broke into his car and stole his radio.
I don’t like this CD. I don’t want to listen to it any more.
Getting to the final depends on winning the semi-final!
Some prepositional verbs take a direct object after the verb followed by the prepositional phrase.
associate … with
remind … of
protect … from
rob … of
provide … with
thank … for
(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])
Hannah reminds [DO]me of [PO]a girlfriend of mine.
How can we protect [DO]children from [PO]dangerous material on the Internet?
I’d like to thank [DO]everyone for [PO]their kindness.

Prepositional verbs or phrasal verbs?
Not all phrasal verbs need an object. Prepositional verbs (e.g. listen to, depend on) always have an object after the preposition:
I’ve got a great new CD. Shall we listen to it?
Not: Shall we listen to?
With phrasal verbs the object can come before or after the particle if the object is not a pronoun. With prepositional verbs, the object is always immediately after the preposition.(Objects are underlined.)
Compare
Do you always look up every new word in a dictionary?
Do you always look every new word up in a dictionary?
Phrasal verb: the object can come before or after the particle up.
Could you look after my bag while I go and buy the tickets?
Prepositional verb: the object is after the preposition.
Not: Could you look my bag after …

Phrasal-prepositional verbs
Phrasal-prepositional verbs have three parts: a verb, a particle and a preposition. The particle and the preposition cannot be separated. Many of these verbs are often used in informal contexts, and their meaning is difficult to guess from their individual parts.
Verb + particle + preposition
catch up with
get on with
look out for
come up against
listen out for
look up to
do away with
look down on
put up with
face up to
look forward to
watch out for
get away with
look in on

Ken’s just chatting to a friend. He’ll catch up with us in a minute. (reach, join)
Do you get on with your neighbours? (have a good relationship with)
We look forward to meeting you on the 22nd. (anticipate with pleasure)
See also:
•       Look forward  to
Phrasal-prepositional verbs and objects
The object (underlined below) always comes immediately after the preposition, and not in any other position:
She was a wonderful teacher. We all looked up to her. (respected)
Not: We all looked her up to. or We all looked up her to.
Some phrasal-prepositional verbs also take a direct object after the verb as well as an object of the preposition:
fix … up with
put … down to
put … up to
let … in on
take … out on

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])
She fixed [DO]us up with [PO]a violin teacher. We’re really grateful to her. (fixed us up with = arranged for us)
We just put [DO]the accident down to [PO]bad luck; there’s no other reason. (put down to = think the cause or reason is)