Tuesday, May 24, 2016

C1 23-24/5/16

Homework: reading activities p. 142 and147.

p. 141
make the most of sth
to take full advantage of something because it may not last long
We should make the most of this good weather.

Deciduous /dɪˈsɪdjuəs/ adjective
Deciduous
[ BIOLOGY ] A deciduous tree has leaves that drop off every autumn.

Salt marshes
Saltworks, saline /ˈseɪlaɪn/ /ˈseɪliːn/ adjective formal
[ CHEMISTRY ] containing salt
saline solution

bump /bʌmp/ noun [ C ]
1 SURFACE a round, raised area on a surface
My bike hit a bump in the road.
2 BODY a raised area on your body where it has been hurt by hitting something hard
A nasty bump on the head
3 MOVEMENT when something hits something hard
I heard a bump upstairs.

flick /flɪk/ noun [ C ]
a sudden, quick movement
With a flick of her wrist, she threw the pebble into the water.

Evergreen /ˈevəgriːn/ adjective
[ BIOLOGY ] An evergreen plant has green leaves that do not fall off in winter.
Evergreen noun [ C ]
A plant with leaves that do not fall off in winter

stretch of   
[British English] a beautiful stretch of countryside
length of land/water [countable]      an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow

urban /ˈɜːbən/

quaint /kweɪnt/
English definition | in French | conjugator |
quaint adj   (old-fashioned but charming) pintoresco/a adj
evocador/a adj


bleak /bliːk/adj (empty, stark)
desalentador/a adj
deprimente adj mf
sombrío/a adj
oscuro/a adj


sparse /spɑːs/adj    (with few over area) escaso/a adj disperso/a adj

scarce comparative scarcer, superlative scarcest
1 if something is scarce, there is not very much of it available:
Food was often scarce in the winter.
There was fierce competition for the scarce resources.

Monotonous, cloudless...

snow-capped literary
snow-capped mountains are covered in snow at the top

rustic /ˈrʌstɪk/
night-time

rolling [only before noun]
rolling hills have many long, gentle slopes

lush
1 plants that are lush grow many leaves and look healthy and strong:
a lush green mountainous island
The fields were lush with grass and flowers.


idyllic /ɪˈdɪlɪk/, medieval /ˌmɛdɪˈiːvəl/ towns

chocolate box vista

expanse [countable]
a very large area of water, sky, land etc
expanse of
an expanse of blue sky
vast/wide/large etc expanse
the vast expanse of the ocean

blot [countable]
1 a mark or dirty spot on something, especially made by ink:
ink blots
2 a building, structure etc that is ugly and spoils the appearance of a place:
The new power station is a blot on the landscape.

spoken
mind you
also mind British English used when saying something that is almost the opposite of what you have just said, or that explains or emphasizes it:
He looks very young in this photo. Mind you, it was taken years ago.
I love hot weather, but not too hot, mind.

Go in for sth phrasal verb
To like a particular activity
I don't really go in for sports.

belly /ˈbeli/ noun [ C ] informal
your stomach (= organ where food is digested) , or the front part of your body between your chest and your legs

FIGURE OUT
figure sth/sb out phrasal verb
to finally understand something or someone after a lot of thought [+ question word]
I never could figure out what she saw in him.

Masseur
Masseuse
prenatal  /priːˈneɪtəl/

lager /ˈlɑːgə r / noun [ C , U ]
[ FOOD ] a pale yellow beer
A pint of lager, please.

Mesmerising-> astonishing

yuck /jʌk/ exclamation informal
used to say that something looks or tastes very unpleasant

Stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/ noun [ U ]
Word partners for stamina
Have stamina • build up / improve / increase stamina • mental / physical stamina • stamina for sth • a test of stamina
[ HEALTH ] the physical or mental energy that allows you to do something for a long time
Marathon runners need a lot of stamina.


Thursday, May 19, 2016

C1 18-19/5/16


p.130-131

Would rather
 If you would rather do something, you would prefer to do that thing.
I'd much rather go out for a meal than stay in and watch TV.

Wish (that) – if only
To want a situation that is different from the one that exists
I wish that / if only I didn't have to go to work. (Same subject)
I wish he would leave. (Different subject)
I wish I had been there. (Regret)

What if...?
Used to ask about something that could happen in the future, especially something bad
What if I don't pass my exams?

Suppose/supposing (that)
Used to introduce an idea for someone to consider
Suppose he phones tonight. What should I say?

Heimlich maneuver
Choking

P. 132-133
Whim [countable]
a sudden feeling that you would like to do or have something, especially when there is no important or good reason
on a whim
I didn't leave just on a whim (=for no good reason).

trust [transitive]
1
people
to believe that someone is honest or will not do anything bad or wrong [ distrust, mistrust]:
I just don't trust him.
trust somebody to do something
Can they be trusted to look after the house?
I didn't trust myself not to say something rude, so I just kept quiet.
trust somebody completely/implicitly
He was a good driver and I trusted him implicitly.
not trust somebody an inch/not trust somebody as far as you can throw them (=not trust someone at all)

serendipity [uncountable] literary
when interesting or valuable discoveries are made by accident [ luck]

intriguing
overwhelming
plausible
deliberate
imperfect

copy /ˈkɒpɪ/


Should someone ask who told you, ...
Had I thought about it...
...now had they taken...
Were we to take...
...place were everyone to think...
Should sth be unclear, you...

p.134 /135
jerk, nod off, cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/, catapulting/ˈkætəˌpʌlt/, uninitiated /ˈʌnɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd/, replicating.

p.138
euthanasia /ˌjuːθəˈneɪzɪə/

Abide /əˈbaɪd/ verb
Can’t abide sb/sth
To strongly dislike someone or something
I can't abide rudeness.
Abide by sth phrasal verb
To obey a rule
Staff who refused to abide by the rules were fired.

Still /stɪl/ adjective
1 stand/stay/sit, etc still
to stand, stay, sit, etc without moving
Sit still so I can brush your hair.
2 PLACE A still place is calm and quiet.
It was night and the whole village was still.
3 DRINK [ FOOD ] UK A still drink does not have any bubbles in it.
stillness noun [ U ]

Scour /skaʊə r / verb [ T ]
1 SEARCH to search for something very carefully, often over a large area
The police scoured the surrounding countryside for possible clues.
2 CLEAN to clean something by rubbing it with something rough

Thoroughly θʌrəli/ adverb
1 CAREFULLY very carefully
Wash the spinach thoroughly before cooking.
2 VERY very, or very much
We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.

Step back/forward/over, etc
To move somewhere by lifting your foot and putting it down in a different place
She stepped carefully over the dog.

educated /ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪd/ adjective
1 Someone who is educated has learned a lot at school or university and has a good level of knowledge.
2 an educated guess
a guess that is probably correct because you have enough knowledge about something
See also: well-educated

Inversion:

Quite often in English, certain expressions with a restrictive or negative meaning are placed at the beginning of a sentence. The reason for doing so is to emphasize the point that you want to make. It is striking, original or surprising in some way. And whenever you make such a statement, inversion is necessary. So, it has to be:
    'Only at night do bats leave their cave.'
    'Only after I had returned home did I realize that I had left my watch in Emma's bathroom.'

Inversion is also used after the not only ... but also construction:
    'Not only did we visit Cuba's capital, Havana, (but) we also spent three days exploring the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador.'

Inversion is also found in expressions containing the word 'no', when placed at the beginning of the sentence:
    'Under no circumstances are you (allowed) to walk home from school alone.'
    'In no way will I agree to sharing an office with Ben.
                 
      The same rule operates for 'seldom', 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'rarely', 'never', 'never before' and 'no sooner':
    'Never before had I seen such realistic dinosaurs as there were in the BBC television series.' (This is a reference to a recent BBC series. If you want to know more have a look at the web site - Walking with Dinosaurs.)
    'No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came in.'
    'Rarely do we see such brightly-coloured birds.'
    'Seldom do we walk on such green grass.'
    'Scarcely had we finished lunch when the bell rang for afternoon classes.'

Remember, you are registering surprise, or something similar, when you do this. If it is inappropriate to be so emphatic, you would say:
    'We had scarcely finished lunch when the bell rang for afternoon classes.'

So do I, etc

These expressions are quite informal, Martine, and are readily used in short answers in spoken English to express agreement with what has been said in the first statement. So is here followed by inverted word order: auxiliary verb + subject:

    Judy can run 100 m in 11 seconds. ~ So can Henry!
    I've got a blister on my big toe. ~ So have I.
    I'm going to get it seen to by the club doctor. ~ So am I.
    I like to eat really hot food on cold days and so do all my friends.

So is occasionally followed by normal word order in short answers to express surprised agreement:
    If you don't believe me, just look out of the window. It's snowing! ~ So it is!
    You've given me tea and I asked for coffee! ~ So I have! I'm sorry.

Neither / nor would I, etc

These expressions are used in a similar way to So would I, etc, to express agreement with negative statements:

    I can't swim very well and neither can my sister.
    I wouldn't dream of going into the water if the temperature is below 20° C and nor would any southerner.

inversion after negative expressions

We can use inversion in statements for the purpose of emphasis if we decide to start the statement with a negative expression. Compare the following:

    Under no circumstances would I wear a mini-skirt.
    I wouldn't wear a mini-skirt under any circumstances.

In this example, the first statement is more emphatic than the second one. We can use this approach with a wide variety of adverbial negative expressions, although it makes them sound rather formal. Compare the following:
    At no time would he allow his team mates to argue with the referee.
    Rarely / Seldom have I seen such an exciting game of football.
    Hardly had I taken my seat before two goals were scored.
    I had to show him my press pass and only then did he let me in.
    Only when the players had changed into smart clothes after the match were they allowed to talk to the TV reporters.

Inversion in conditional sentences

We can use inversion in certain types of conditional sentences when the if-clause begins with had, were or should. Sentences with inversion sometimes sound more formal than those with the more conventional if-construction. Compare the following:

    Had he not resigned, we would have been obliged to give him the sack.
    If he had not resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
    Were she to find out that he was seeing some one else, she'd go berserk.
    If she were to find out that he was cheating on her, she would go mad.
    Should you decide to cancel the contract, please let me know by Friday.

    If you decide to withdraw from the agreement, please phone me by Friday.

Brexit
UKIP
BNP
Tottenham Hotspur
The Toon
Relegated
Promoted

Leicester 

Wednesday, May 18, 2016

C1 16-17/5/16



p.130
Emotional Intelligence Quotient

Rapport /ræˈpɔː/
Friendly agreement and understanding between people [relationship]
Rapport with/between
He had an excellent rapport with his patients.
establish/build up/develop (a) rapport
He built up a good rapport with the children.

gut reaction/feeling/instinct
informal-> a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it:
He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying.

Conceal [transitive] formal
1 to hide something carefully:
The shadows concealed her as she crept up to the house.
The path was concealed by long grass.
A concealed weapon
A concealed emotion.

Glimpse
1 a quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearly
glimpse of
They caught a glimpse of a dark green car.
brief/fleeting/quick glimpse (=a very short look)
We only had a fleeting glimpse of the river.
2 a short experience of something that helps you begin to understand it
glimpse of/into/at
a glimpse of what life might be like in the future

all over the place
informal
a) everywhere:
There was blood all over the place.
b) in a very untidy state:
She came in with her hair all over the place.

do somebody in
phrasal verb
1 to kill someone:
He was planning to do himself in.
2 to make someone feel extremely tired:
That walk really did me in.

on edge
nervous, especially because you are expecting something unpleasant to happen:
Paul felt on edge about meeting Lisa.

get hot under the collar
spoken to become angry - used especially when people get angry in an unreasonable way about something that is not important:
I don't understand why people are getting so hot under the collar about it.

to bits
British English informal very much or extremely:
Mark's a darling, I love him to bits.
thrilled/chuffed/pleased to bits
I've always wanted a car, so I'm thrilled to bits.

upbeat
positive and making you feel that good things will happen [≠ downbeat]:
an upbeat message

Income tax return

Thursday, May 12, 2016

C1 11-12/5/16


Homework: Reading activities on pages 132 and 134.
p.129
Be taken aback, to be surprised:The tourist was taken aback by the garbage on the streets.
Livid /ˈlɪvɪd/   adj. 
1. having a discolored, bluish, bruised appearance.
2. enraged;
furiously angry:Her insulting remark made him livid.
Despondent /dɪˈspɑndənt/  adj. 
1. greatly saddened and depressed:It's easy to get despondent when your plans go wrong.
Facial /ˈfeɪʃəl/
Mischievous /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/
Content /kənˈtɛnt/   adj. [be + ~]
1. satisfied with what one is or has;
contented:He was content and settled back to enjoy his life.
2. Government- willing or resigned, as to do or accept something:He was not content with my answer, so I added a few more remarks.
[~ + to + verb] was content to let the matter drop.

Petty Theft

Taser  
Peep hole 

Wednesday, May 11, 2016

C1 9-10/5/16



Bicarbonate of soda

gargle /ˈgɑːgl/ verb [ I ]
[ HEALTH ] to move liquid or medicine around in your throat without swallowing, especially to clean it or stop it feeling painful

TOPIC: CRIME

ˌ male ˈ chauvinist noun [ C ]
a man who believes that men are better or more important than women

laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ noun [ U ]
clothes, sheets, etc that need to be washed
to do the laundry
a laundry basket
money laundering [uncountable] /ˈlɔːndər /
when money that has been obtained illegally is put into legal businesses or bank accounts in different countries, so that it is difficult for people to discover where it came from:
The country is a major centre for money laundering.
He will now face trial on money laundering charges.

offshore /ˌɒfˈʃɔː r / adjective [ always before noun ]
1 SEA [ GEOGRAPHY ] in the sea and away from the coast
an offshore island
2 FINANCE [ ECONOMICS ] An offshore bank or bank account is based in another country and so less tax has to be paid.
an offshore account/trust

bribe /braɪb/ noun [ C ]
Word partners for bribe
accept / take a bribe • offer sb / pay a bribe • a cash bribe
[ LAW ] money or a present given to someone so that they will do something for you, usually something dishonest
The politician was accused of accepting bribes from businessmen.
bribe verb [ T ]
[ + to do sth ] He was bribed to give false evidence at the trial.

stalker [countable]
someone who follows and watches another person over a period of time in a way that is very annoying or threatening

Cyber bullying

blackmail /ˈblækmeɪl/ noun [ U ]
when someone forces you to do something, or to pay them money, by saying they will tell another person something that you want to keep secret
blackmail verb [ T ]
[ + into + doing sth ] They used the photographs to blackmail her into spying for them.
blackmailer noun [ C ]

bribery
murder
white collar crime
suicide induction
hijacking (plane)
kidnapping
manslaughter /ˈmænˌslɔːtə r / noun [ U ]
[ LAW ] the crime of killing someone without intending to kill them

assassination
rapist
arson(ist)
burglar
molest – sexual harassment
evicted

fake 1 /feɪk/ adjective
not real, but made to look or seem real
fake fur
a fake passport

ˈ speed ˌ limit noun [ C ]
the fastest speed that a vehicle is allowed to travel on a particular road
to break the speed limit

speedometer /spiːˈdɒmɪtə r / noun [ C ]
a piece of equipment in a vehicle that shows how fast it is moving
See picture car interior

ˈ serial ˌ killer noun [ C ]
someone who has murdered several people over a period of time

offender /əˈfendə r / noun [ C ]
[ LAW ] someone who has committed a crime
a sex offender
a young offender

prison /ˈprɪz ə n/ noun [ C , U ]
Word partners for prison
go to / be sent to prison • be released from prison • in / out of prison • a prison sentence
[ LAW ] a place where criminals are kept as a punishment
He's spent most of his life in prison .
She was sent to prison for two years.

Exceed the speed limit
to drive faster than you are allowed to according to the law

dial  /daɪəl/ verb [ I , T ] UK present participle dialling , past dialled , US present participle dialing , past dialed
to make a telephone call to a particular number
Dial 0 for the operator.

by all accounts
as said by a lot of people
The party was, by all accounts, a great success.

/ˈbɜːɡlə/

Locked him up

Pawn /pɔːn/ verb [ T ]
[ FINANCE ] to leave something with a pawnbroker, who gives you money for it and will sell it if you do not pay the money back
She pawned her wedding ring to pay the rent.

pawn‧bro‧ker [countable]
someone whose business is to lend people money in exchange for valuable objects. If the money is not paid back, the pawnbroker can sell the object.

overhear /ˌəʊvəˈhɪə r / verb [ T ] past overheard
to hear what someone is saying when they are not talking to you
[ + doing sth ] I overheard him telling her he was leaving.

Handed himself in

for‧ge‧ry plural forgeries
1 [countable] a document, painting, or piece of paper money that has been copied illegally [= fake]:
The painting was a very clever forgery.
2 [uncountable] the crime of copying official documents, money etc

FORGE
[transitive] to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real [↪ counterfeit]:
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.
a forged passport

sneak 1 /sniːk/ verb past sneaked , also US snuck
1 sneak into/out/around, etc
to go somewhere quietly because you do not want anyone to hear you
I sneaked into his bedroom while he was asleep.
2 sneak sth into/out of/through, etc
to take something somewhere without anyone seeing you
We tried to sneak the dog into the hotel.
3 sneak a look/glance at sb/sth
to look at someone or something quickly and secretly
I sneaked a look at the answers.
sneak up phrasal verb
to move close to someone without them seeing or hearing you
Don't sneak up on me like that - you scared me!

serial offender

drop in
visit
[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to visit someone you know, usually without arranging a particular time
drop by/round
I just dropped by to see how you were getting on.
The kids drop round and see her from time to time.
drop into
Jan dropped into the office this morning to tell me her news.
drop in (on somebody)
Why don't you drop in for a drink one evening?

Pocket-dial

alleged /əˈledʒd/ adjective [ always before noun ]
believed to be true, but not proved
an alleged attack
allegedly /əˈledʒɪdli/ adverb
He was arrested for allegedly stealing a car.

Heap
Make a getaway
Go smoothly
Note down the details

ill-gotten gains
money that was obtained in an unfair or dishonest way - used humorously  

fake web domain

a scheme
2 a clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal - used in order to show disapproval:
a get-rich-quick scheme
scheme to do something
a scheme to pass false cheques

be no/nobody's fool
to be difficult to trick or deceive, because you have a lot of experience and knowledge about something:
Katherine was nobody's fool when it came to money.

boast 1 /bəʊst/ verb
1 PRIDE [ I , T ] to talk with too much pride about what you have done or what you own
I wish she would stop boasting about her exam results.
[ + that ] Liam boasted that he owned two sports cars.
2 HAVE [ T ] If a place boasts something good, it has it.
New York boasts some of the best museums in the world.

count  /kaʊnt/ noun
CRIME [ C ] one of the times that someone has been accused of a particular crime
He was charged with two counts of assault.

Stealing some bits and pieces
A bumbling crook

crook /krʊk/   n. [countable]
a dishonest person, esp. a swindler or thief.

swindle /ˈswɪndl/ verb [ T ]
to get money from someone by cheating or deceiving them
[ often passive ] She was swindled out of thousands of dollars.
swindle noun [ C ]
a multi-million-pound swindle
swindler noun [ C ]

bumbling [only before noun]
behaving in a careless way and making a lot of mistakes:
a kind bumbling man with a gentle smile

shed [countable]
1 a small building, often made of wood, used especially for storing things:
a tool shed
a cattle shed

 buzz /bʌz/
1 [countable] a continuous noise like the sound of a bee
buzz of
the buzz of mosquitoes
2 [singular] a lot of activity, noise, and excitement
buzz of
the buzz of conversation and laughter
3 [singular] informal a strong feeling of excitement, pleasure, or success, or a similar feeling from drinking alcohol or taking drugs:
Playing well gives me a buzz.
Neil gets a buzz from drinking one beer.
4 give somebody a buzz
informal to telephone someone:
I'll give you a buzz on Monday.
5 the buzz
informal unofficial news or information that is spread by people telling each other [↪ gossip, rumour]

embezzle /ɪmˈbezlmənt/
 [intransitive and transitive]
to steal money from the place where you work:
Two managers were charged with embezzling $400,000.
—embezzlement noun [uncountable]
—embezzler noun [countable]

arrest 1 /əˈrest/ verb [ T ]
 [ LAW ] If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime which they might have committed.
He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.

suspicion /səˈspɪʃ ə n/ noun
Word partners for suspicion
have a suspicion • confirm sb's suspicion • a deep / sneaking / strong suspicion
1 ABOUT SOMEONE [ C , U ] a feeling or belief that someone has done something wrong
They were arrested on suspicion of drug dealing.
Several members of staff are under suspicion of stealing money.
2 ABOUT SOMETHING [ C ] an idea that something may be true
[ + (that) ] I had a sneaking suspicion that the two events might be connected.

allegation /ˌælɪˈgeɪʃ ə n/ noun [ C ]
Word partners for allegation
make / deny / face / investigate an allegation • a serious allegation • an allegation of sth • an allegation against sb
When you say that someone has done something wrong or illegal, without proof that this is true
allegations of corruption
[ + that ] He denied allegations that he had cheated.

custody /ˈkʌstədi/ noun [ U ]
Word partners for custody
be awarded / given custody (of sb) • have / win custody (of sb)
1 CHILD [ LAW ] the legal right to look after a child, especially when parents separate
When they divorced, it was Nicola who won custody of their two children.
2 PRISON [ LAW ] when someone is kept in prison, usually while they are waiting for a trial in court
He is being held in custody in Los Angeles charged with assault.
He was taken into custody by Mexican authorities.

remand /rɪˈmɑːnd/ verb
be remanded in custody
[ LAW ] UK to be kept in prison on remand
He was charged with murder and remanded in custody.

evidence /ˈevɪd ə ns/ noun [ U ]
Word partners for evidence
compelling / conclusive / hard / scientific / strong evidence • evidence of sth
1 FACTS something that makes you believe that something is true or exists
evidence of global warming
[ + that ] There is no scientific evidence that the drug is addictive.
2 LAW [ LAW ] information that is given or objects that are shown in a court of law to help to prove if someone has committed a crime
He was arrested despite the lack of evidence against him.
He showed evidence in court.
3 give evidence
UK to give information and answer questions in a court of law
She was called to give evidence at his trial.
4 be in evidence
formal to be noticeable

testimony /ˈtestɪməni/ noun
1 [ LAW ] [ C , U ] a formal statement about what someone knows or believes is true, especially in a law court
the testimony of a witness
He gave testimony in court.

plead /pliːd/ verb past pleaded , also US pled
1 LEGAL [ LAW ] [ T ] to say in a court of law if you are guilty or not guilty of the crime you have been accused of
He pleaded not guilty to five felony charges.

felony /ˈfeləni/ noun [ C , U ]
[ LAW ] a serious crime in the US
to commit a felony

guilty /ˈgɪlti/ adjective
LAW having broken a law
The jury found her guilty (= decided that she was guilty of a crime).
They found him guilty of rape.
guiltily adverb
guiltiness noun [ U ]