C1 27-28/2/2017

p.74

/ˈsteɪtəs $ ˈsteɪtəs, ˈstæ-/

/wɪðˈɪn $ wɪðˈɪn, wɪθˈɪn/

/iːsˈθetɪk, es- $ es-/

sym‧me‧try /ˈsɪmətri/

/ˈhemɪsfɪər /

trait /treɪt/ noun [ C ]

a quality, good or bad, in someone's character

a family trait

con‧verse‧ly /kənˈvɜːsli, ˈkɒnvɜːsli $ kənˈvɜːrsli, ˈkɑːnvɜːrsli/ ●○○ AWL adverb  used when one situation is the opposite of another American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.

han‧ker /ˈhæŋkə $ -ər/ verb [intransitive, transitive]  to have a strong desire for something

hanker after/for

She hankered for a new life in a different country.

holidaymakers who hanker after the sunhanker

to do something

I've been hankering to visit my father's birthplace for many years.

shal‧low /ˈʃæləʊ $ -loʊ/ ●●● S3 adjective (comparative shallower, superlative shallowest) 

not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters – used to show disapproval a shallow argument

If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.

catch sb's eye

GET SOMEONE'S ATTENTION

to get someone's attention by looking at them

I tried to catch her eye, but she had already turned away.

It was the colour of his jacket that caught my eye.

Shy /ʃaɪ/ verb [ I ]

If a horse shies, it moves backwards suddenly because it has been frightened by something.

shy away from sth   phrasal verb

 to avoid doing something, usually because you are not confident enough to do it

He tends to shy away from public speaking.

nose′ job′,

[Informal.]Surgery, Informal Terms

cosmetic surgery of the nose;

rhinoplasty.

inquisitive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/ adjective

wanting to discover as much as you can about things

an inquisitive child

inquisitively adverb

inquisitiveness noun [ U ]

have something off pat

British English,

have something down pat

American English

to know something thoroughly so that you can say it, perform it etc immediately without thinking about it syn (off) by heart

To make up or not to make up?

 

com‧posed /kəmˈpəʊzd $ -ˈpoʊzd/ adjective 

1 seeming calm and not upset or angry

He appeared very composed despite the stress he was under.

point‧less /ˈpɔɪntləs/ ●○○ adjective 

worthless or not likely to have any useful result

Life just seemed pointless to me. a pointless quarrel

triv‧i‧al /ˈtrɪviəl/ ●●○ adjective  not serious, important, or valuable

trivial problem/matter/complaint etc

We were punished for the most trivial offences.

a trivial sum

Her feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison.

yacht /jɒt $ jɑːt/

/ˈsɜːfɪs $ ˈsɜːr-/

take something at face value

to accept a situation or accept what someone says, without thinking there may be a hidden meaning

You shouldn’t always take his remarks at face value.

aesthetic ( also US esthetic ) /esˈθetɪk/ adjective

relating to beauty and the way something looks

the aesthetic appeal of cats

aesthetically adverb

sanction 1 /ˈsæŋkʃ ə n/ noun

Word partners for sanction

impose / lift sanctions • tough sanctions • sanctions against / on sb • economic / trade sanctions

1 PUNISHMENT [ POLITICS , LAW ] [ C ] a punishment for not obeying a rule or a law

economic/trade sanctions against a country

2 APPROVAL [ U ] official approval or permission

p.76

circuit noun [ C ]

TRACK [ SPORT ] a path, route, or sports track that is shaped like a circle

course noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area used for horse races or playing golf

a golf course

course noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area used for horse races or playing golf

a golf course

field noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area of grass where you can play a sport

a football field

ground 1 noun

AREA [ SPORT ] [ C ] an area of land used for a particular purpose or activity

a football ground

ˈ ice ˌ rink noun [ C ]

[ SPORT ] an area of ice, usually inside a building, which is prepared for people to ice skate on

pitch 2 noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] UK an area of ground where a sport is played

a cricket/football pitch

pitch  noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ C ] UK an area of ground where a sport is played

a cricket/football pitch

track  noun

SPORT [ SPORT ] [ U ] US the sport of running in races around a wide circular path made for this sport

/kəˈrɑːti/

ˈsick leave noun [uncountable]  time that you are allowed to spend away from work because you are sickon sick leave He has been on sick leave for more than three months.

Budget

Which idea do you like the most?

Which one do you like the least?

Any similarities with Spain?

coerce /kəʊˈɜːs/ verb [ T ] formal

to make someone do something that they do not want to do

[ + into + doing sth ] Employees said they were coerced into signing the agreement.

coercion /kəʊˈɜːʃ ə n/ noun [ U ]

They accused the police of coercion.

C1 22-23/2/17

Homework: Reading activity p. 70

p.70

they’re /ðə; strong ðeə, ðeɪə $ ðər strong ðer, ðeɪər/

callisthenics:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxCeGmVWNw0

juggling club

brisk /brɪsk/ ●○○ adjective 

quick and full of energy a brisk walk

They set off at a brisk pace.

sect /sekt/ ●○○ noun [countable]  a group of people with their own particular set of beliefs and practices, especially within or separated from a larger religious group → sectional

come across phrasal verb

come across somebody/something

to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance

I came across an old diary in her desk.

I’ve never come across anyone quite like her before.

We’ve come across a few problems that need resolving.

Join in (something) phrasal verb

To take part in something that a group of people are doing or that someone else does

About 50 fans poured on to the pitch to join in with the players.

in‧sep‧a‧ra‧ble /ɪnˈsepərəbəl/

Put sth down to sth— phrasal verb

To think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing:

I put the children's bad behaviour down to the fact that they were tired.

Pi‧la‧tes /pɪˈlɑːtiz/

The embroidery and the structure of the wine horses blankets is carried on throughout the year.

price /praɪs/

prize /praɪz/

Phrasal verbs

http://www.phrasalverbdemon.com/prepositions.htm

Verbs: multi-word verbs

Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. up, over, in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name ‘phrasal verb’ is used to refer to all three types.

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an adverb particle.

The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs are around, at, away, down, in, off, on, out, over, round, up:

bring in go around look up put away take off

Meaning

Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot easily guess from their individual parts. (The meanings are in brackets.)

The book first came out in 1997. (was published)

The plane took off an hour late. (flew into the air)

The lecture went on till 6.30. (continued)

It’s difficult to make out what she’s saying. (hear/understand)

For a complete list of the most common phrasal verbs, see the Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.

Formality

Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal than a single word with the same meaning.

Compare

phrasal verb	more formal single word
We need to sort the problem out.	We need to solve/resolve the problem.
The team only had an hour to put the stage up before the concert.	The team only had an hour to erect/construct the stage before the concert.

Phrasal verbs and objects

Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the particle may come before or after the object if the object is not a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).

Compare

(p = particle; o = object [underlined])
particle before the object	particle after the object
She brought [P]up [O]three kids all alone.	I brought [O]my children [P]up to be polite.
Do you want me to take [P]off [O]my shoes?	Come in. Take [O]your coat [P]off.

If the object is a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.), we always put the pronoun before the particle:

I’ve made some copies. Would you like me to hand them out?

Not: Would you like me to hand out them?

Oh, I can’t lift you up any more. You’re too big now!

Not: I can’t lift up you any more.

We usually put longer objects (underlined) after the particle:

Many couples do not want to take on the responsibility of bringing up a large family of three or four children.

We can use some phrasal verbs without an object:

break down	get back	move in/out
carry on	go off	run away
drop off	hang on	set off
eat out	join in	wake up

The taxi broke down on the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.

We’d better set off before the rush-hour traffic starts.

What time did you wake up this morning?

A good learner’s dictionary will tell you if the phrasal verb needs an object or can be used without one.

Prepositional verbs

Prepositional verbs have two parts: a verb and a preposition which cannot be separated from each other:

break into (a house)	get over (an illness)	listen to
cope with (a difficult situation)	get on	look after (a child)
deal with (a problem)	get off	look at
depend on	go into	look for
do without	lead to	look forward to

Prepositional verbs and objects

Prepositional verbs always have an object, which comes immediately after the preposition. The object (underlined) can be a noun phrase, a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb:

Somebody broke into his car and stole his radio.

I don’t like this CD. I don’t want to listen to it any more.

Getting to the final depends on winning the semi-final!

Some prepositional verbs take a direct object after the verb followed by the prepositional phrase.

associate … with	remind … of
protect … from	rob … of
provide … with	thank … for

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])

Hannah reminds [DO]me of [PO]a girlfriend of mine.

How can we protect [DO]children from [PO]dangerous material on the Internet?

I’d like to thank [DO]everyone for [PO]their kindness.

Prepositional verbs or phrasal verbs?

Not all phrasal verbs need an object. Prepositional verbs (e.g. listen to, depend on) always have an object after the preposition:

I’ve got a great new CD. Shall we listen to it?

Not: Shall we listen to?

With phrasal verbs the object can come before or after the particle if the object is not a pronoun. With prepositional verbs, the object is always immediately after the preposition.(Objects are underlined.)

Compare

Do you always look up every new word in a dictionary? Do you always look every new word up in a dictionary?	Phrasal verb: the object can come before or after the particle up.
Could you look after my bag while I go and buy the tickets?	Prepositional verb: the object is after the preposition. Not: Could you look my bag after …

Phrasal-prepositional verbs

Phrasal-prepositional verbs have three parts: a verb, a particle and a preposition. The particle and the preposition cannot be separated. Many of these verbs are often used in informal contexts, and their meaning is difficult to guess from their individual parts.

Verb + particle + preposition

catch up with	get on with	look out for
come up against	listen out for	look up to
do away with	look down on	put up with
face up to	look forward to	watch out for
get away with	look in on

Ken’s just chatting to a friend. He’ll catch up with us in a minute. (reach, join)

Do you get on with your neighbours? (have a good relationship with)

We look forward to meeting you on the 22nd. (anticipate with pleasure)

See also:

•       Look forward  to

Phrasal-prepositional verbs and objects

The object (underlined below) always comes immediately after the preposition, and not in any other position:

She was a wonderful teacher. We all looked up to her. (respected)

Not: We all looked her up to. or We all looked up her to.

Some phrasal-prepositional verbs also take a direct object after the verb as well as an object of the preposition:

fix … up with	put … down to	put … up to
let … in on	take … out on

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])

She fixed [DO]us up with [PO]a violin teacher. We’re really grateful to her. (fixed us up with = arranged for us)

We just put [DO]the accident down to [PO]bad luck; there’s no other reason. (put down to = think the cause or reason is)